The Age of Reformation Essay -- essays research papers

The Age of Reformation The Age of Reformation - strict unrest in Western Europe in the sixteenth penny. Starting as a change development inside the Roman Catholic Church, the Reformation at last prompted opportunity of dispute. The groundwork for the development was long and there had been before calls for change, e.g., by John WYCLIF and John HUSS. Want for change inside the congregation was expanded by the RENAISSANCE, with its investigation of antiquated writings and accentuation on the person. Different components that helped the development were the innovation of printing, the ascent of trade and a working class, and political clashes between German sovereigns and the Holy Roman ruler. The Reformation started out of nowhere when Martin LUTHER posted 95 proposals on the congregation entryway at Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. Open assault on the principles and authority of the congregation followed and prompted Luther's penetrate with the congregation (1520), which the Diet of Worms (1521) neglected to mend. His tenet was of defense by confidence alone rather than by ceremonies, benevolent acts, and contemplation, and it set an individual in direct correspondence with God. Luther's emphasis on perusing the Bible put on the individual a more noteworthy obligation regarding his own salvation. The new church spread in Germany and Scandinavia, particularly among rulers and individuals who sought after a more noteworthy level of opportunity. The contention between the Lutherans and the Catholic Emperor CHARLES V was long and severe. An impermanent settlement was reached at the Peace of Augsburg (1555), yet proceeded with strife contributed later to the THIRTY YEARS WAR. Outside Germany, an alternate sort of contradiction created under Huldreich ZWINGLI in Zurich, and inside Protestantism contrasts emerged, for example, doctrinal contentions on the Lord's Supper. These were discussed, uncertainly, at the Colloquy of Marburg (1529) by Luther and Philip MELANCHTHON on one side and Zwingl i and Johannes Oecolampadius on the other. Increasingly extreme thoughts were spread, especially among the lower classes, by such pioneers as CARLSTADT, Thomas MUNZER, and JOHN OF LEIDEN. In 1536 Geneva turned into the inside for the lessons of John CALVIN, maybe the best scholar of Protestantism. In France the HUGUENOTS, terminated by Calvin's precept, opposed the Catholic greater part in the Wars of RELIGION (1562-98). Calvinism supplanted Lutheranism in the Netherlands, and it spread to Scotland through the eff... ...ermany and Switzerland, however his perspectives, especially about the TRINITY, were censured by both Roman Catholics and Protestants. He fled to France, where he picked up acclaim in medication. After he had a work on religious philosophy furtively printed (1553), the INQUISITION moved against him. He got away from jail, however he was seized in Geneva, on John Calvin’s request, and attempted and consumed there. Tranquility of Augsburg - September 1555-made the division of Christendom perpetual. This understanding perceived a law that had just been entrenched and practically speaking: cuius regio, eius religio, implying that the leader of the land would decide the religion of the land. Mary I †( r. 1553-1558) became Queen of England-procceded to reestablish Catholic precept and practice with a determination that equaled that of her dad. Bernini's Ecstasy of St. Theresa - Bernini (1598-1680) Italian stone worker and planner, the predominant player of the Italian BAROQUE. His Roman works incorporate the Churches of Santa Maria della Vittoria which houses his extraordinary model the Ecstasy of St. Theresa. The "Black Legend" - (Bartolome de Las Casas) depicted all Spanish treatment to Indians as deceitful and coldhearted.

Human behavior- ch 10 reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human conduct ch 10 reflection - Assignment Example 299). By one way or another, this specific idea or thought made me think about some potential reasons why human conduct is to a greater degree a social capacity instead of a mental procedure. Using successful relational abilities, Mead clarified that the dynamic investment of every individual inside a social structure is just an instrument to find out about the individual encounters and direct of every person (p. 301). In accordance with this, Mead’s hypothesis on social brain science is vigorously founded on ‘social behaviorism’. It basically implies that the ‘inner experiences’ of every individual altogether influences their conduct or activity (p. 301). As a rule, social practices or examples can be seen inside a given social structure. Therefore, I firmly concur and bolster the hypothesis of Mead to such an extent that the manner in which every individual would connect with other people can influence their one of a kind individual encounters in life as well as how they figure out how to build up a lot of mentality and conduct. It isn't each day that all individuals can get a constructive inclination or experience when they speak with others. Hence, not every person can build up a solid constructive relationship with others. This is genuine in light of the fact that individuals who have experienced unforgiving or negative encounters in life can unwittingly create negative sentiments, for example, contempt or outrage. In the long run, sentiments of contempt or outrage can in a roundabout way influence the manner in which an individual would carry on with others. profoundly established in social procedure and structure (p. 299). Because of everyday encounters throughout everyday life, every individual can feel and act in light of their own encounters with others. Beside trim how an individual would act out in the open, the nature of social connection an individual will have with someone else or a gathering of individuals can likewise shape how they will see or view themselves as an individual (p. 301). In my everyday living, I am presented to a huge gathering of

Dewey, George

Dewey, George Dewey, George do?o ´e, dyo?o ´â€" [key], 1837â€"1917, American admiral, hero of the battle of Manila, b. Montpelier, Vt., grad. Annapolis, 1858. He saw active duty in the Civil War and rose in the navy in service and rank, becoming chief of the Bureau of Equipment in 1889, president of the Board of Inspection and Survey in 1895, and commodore in 1896. He was unpopular with many high-ranking naval commanders, and it seems to have been through the influence of Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt and the direct intervention of President McKinley that Dewey was appointed in 1897 to command the Asiatic squadron. When the Spanish-American War broke out, Dewey was ready. He sailed to Manila, entered the harbor after midnight on May 1, 1898, and engaged the Spanish fleet at dawn. By noon he had destroyed eight Spanish ships with only eight Americans wounded. Manila was at his mercy, but he waited for reinforcements; meanwhile he brought Emilio Aguinaldo, the Filipino rebel, back from exile to lead a revolution in the Philippines. In maintaining relations with neutral warships at Manila, Dewey had to exercise firmness with the officers of five German ships who would not accede to his blockade rules. When Gen. Wesley Merritt arrived with army forces, the commanders cooperated in capturing Manila. Promoted to admiral of the navy in 1899, he was feted on his return to the United States with almost hysterical enthusiasm and briefly received wide support as a potential presidential candidate. See his autobiography (1913, repr. 1971); L. H. Healy and L. Kutner, The Admiral (1944); N. Sargent, Admiral Dewey and the Manila Campaign (1947); R. S. West, Admirals of American Empire (1948, repr. 1971). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

The Importance Of Tobroiad Women ( 1988 ) Essay - 734 Words

Introduction â€Å" The tasks of learning the learning the values that others live is never easy† (Weidner , 1988, pp. 6-7). These were Annette B. Weidner words as written in her article The Importance of Tobroiad Women (1988) . In this paper, we shall discuss – expectations and obstacles that she had to overcome while on her fieldwork in the Trobriand Islands of Papua Ginuea as well as her and the process to overcome them. What was her initial expectation ? In the article Annette Weidner expresses how her initial expectations were challenged by the transition in cultures. She writes how learning a new cultural and having to let go of her own were not as easy as expected causing her to rethink each step of her research (pp. 6-7). What has shaped her expectations? It is stated that Weidner had gone with initial expectations based on the Malinowski’s writings (Weidner, 1988, pp 6-7). His findings came to shaped her view on the Trobriand culture due to his previous research being solely being a matrilineal principle (pp. 6-7) . This caused her to view the culture in Malinowski’s anthropological perspective. This is visible in her article when she states â€Å"In my original plan women were not the main focus of my study† (Weidner, 1988, pp. 6-7). As Weidner started observing the Trobriand women were she took up residence her expectations started shifting from Malinowski’s view to her own view on the culture creating new expectations on her

Malcolm Xs Legacy from the Ghetto to Activist - 2003 Words

Malcolm X, also known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz’s legacy is about one’s personal transformation of a self-made man. A man who once associated himself with hustling and crime as a ghetto pup; then to a staunch radical activist, to a political figure, and to becoming one of the most influential African Americans in history. To some he was admired as a courageous human rights activist for blacks, and in some others eyes, he was a man who preached racism and violence towards the whites. Before his last two years of adapting to a peaceful outlook as an activist; before, on one hand, he was undeniably repulsed by the racial discrimination and violence against black Americans, and on the other he originally believed that America offered†¦show more content†¦The NOI fought and supported for a case of their own only, separating themselves from one developed by white people, seeing them as an inferior. While Little was on a quest of finding and studying his new relig ion in prison, he commences himself to study the dictionary, to develop the vocabularies that would aid him to become an eloquent and compelling public speaker. Finally, in 1952 Malcolm was discharged from prison, a man with a new identity. The starter of his first big step of achievement was when he then travelled to Chicago, Illinois to meet Elijah Muhammad, to become an active member of the NOI. Malcolm was easily accepted into the movement of the NOI and was given the name of â€Å"Malcolm X†. Malcolm believed that the â€Å"X† defined his true descent to be lost when his ancestors were strained into slavery, therefore he took the last name of a variable: â€Å"X† to represent the unknown ancestry obscure African American identity. Later in Chicago, Malcolm personally studied under Muhammad and Malcolm was sent to coordinate a mosque in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Elijah Muhammad recognizing Malcolm’s talent and ability; it wasn’t long before when Malcolm was appointed as an assistant minister and national spokesman for the NOI. Elijah Muhammad arranged Malcolm with organizing new mosques in cities such as Harlem, Boston, New York, Detroit and Michigan. MalcolmShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King J. And Malcolm X Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pagesfortunate to have outstanding leaders who fought for a difference and change during the Civil Rights movement. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two powerful individuals who gave hope to African Americans and oppressed people in the United States. They are both well known individuals for their Civil Rights protesting. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X both spread the message about African Americans having power and strength in the center of all the hatred and discrimination around themRead MoreEssay Question: Assess the Extent That Malcolm X Achieved His Goals in The Civil Rights Movement in America. (Consider the Legacy Malcolm X Left Behind)2298 Words   |  10 PagesEssay Question: Assess the extent that Malcolm X achieved his goals in The Civil Rights Movement in America. (Consider the legacy Malcolm X left behind) Malcolm X aspired for justice and liberalisation for all African-American people during the late 1950s and early 1960s. He was a dynamic spokesperson and used religious concepts from the Nation of Islam to appeal to many African-Americans. Malcolm X was an activist for Black Nationalism and separation as solutions to the scourge of whiteRead MoreEssay about Malcolm X2055 Words   |  9 Pagesa twist. His is not a rags to riches tale, but a powerful narrative of self-transformation from petty hustler to internationally known political leader. Born in Omaha, Nebraska, the son of Louise and Earl Little, who was a Baptist preacher active in Marcus Garveys Universal Negro Improvement Association, Malcolm, along with his siblings, experienced dramatic confrontations with racism from childhood. Hooded Klansmen burned their home in Lansing, Michigan; Earl Little was killed underRead MoreEssay on Black Panther Party2252 Words   |  10 Pagesan organization opposed to police brutality against the black community. The Party’s political origins were in Maoism, Marxism, and the radical militant ideals of Malcolm X and Che Guevara. From the doctrines of Maoism they saw the role of their Party as the frontline of the revolution and worked to establish a unified alliance, while from Marxism they addressed the capitalist economic system, and exemplified the need for all workers to forcefully take over means of production (Baggins, Brian). Mao

Examine the Key Factors Influencing Free Essays

string(54) " the class discuss particular aspects of the subject\." Examine the key factors influencing inclusive teaching and learning Inclusive teaching means recognising, accommodating and meeting the learning needs of all students, regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, religion, disability or sexual orientation. This starts with acknowledging that students are members of diverse communities, have a range of individual learning needs, and deserve equal opportunity to access the learning experience. Applying inclusive learning is increasingly important in our diverse society and education should reflect, promote and facilitate this. We will write a custom essay sample on Examine the Key Factors Influencing or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, there are more and more disabled people entering education nowadays than there used to be: an inclusive environment must ensure that they are equally valued and accepted and that their efforts to learn are recognised and judged without bias. Traditional teaching holds that students with diverse needs be placed in the general education setting only once they can meet traditional academic expectations. Inclusive education, on the other hand, celebrate people’s diversity and brings all students together in one classroom, regardless of their strengths or weaknesses in any area, and seeks to maximize the potential of all of them by encouraging and using their different backgrounds and knowledge to broaden the learning experience. In order to create an effective inclusive learning environment we must overcome barriers that might stop learners getting the best from their learning experience. Barriers to learning are problems or situations that  prevent learners from accessing programs,  going to class, concentrating and learning. Intrinsic barriers of learning are located within the learner, hence of an intrinsic nature, and can be physical, sensory, physiological or intellectual. For example not knowing, or not being comfortable with, the rest of the class could constitute a barrier. Icebreakers could be used in this instance to encourage learners to talk to us, to each other and to the group as a whole. Similarly climate setters can be used to promote learning related to session objectives; this is particularly important as people can be intimidated in a situation where they are asked to come up with ideas. Intrinsic barriers of learning are located within the learner, hence of an intrinsic nature, and can be physical, sensory, physiological or intellectual. For example not knowing, or not being comfortable with, the rest of the class could constitute a barrier. Icebreakers could be used in this instance to encourage learners to talk to us, to each other and to the group as a whole. Similarly climate setters can be used to promote learning related to session objectives; this is particularly important as people can be intimidated in a situation where they are asked to come up with ideas. Hence the tutor needs to create an environment where students feel comfortable to express themselves. Learners may also face extrinsic barriers, related to the environment they live, work and study in. Issues with family relationships, social support, employment and financial matters provide some such examples. It’s very important to motivate learners in order for them to get the most out of their classes. To motivate a learner we must first understand what motivates them and teach to their particular strengths and weaknesses. Sometimes we may have to match teaching approaches to their learning styles and provide support to those who need it. Other times we may have to use energizers to challenge the class or refocus learners’ attention, e. g. after a long period of concentration or after a break. Also, encouraging friendly competition could provide motivational challenges for all of them. Most of all, we need to give them constructive feedback to encourage personal improvement. One theory we can be refer to for motivational purposes is Maslow’s pyramid of needs. According to his pyramid we must feel that we are satisfied with our physiological needs before we can think of getting a roof. Having the feeling of being secure motivates us to seek love. Once we have accomplished the need for belongingness then we seek a better future which motivates us to set goals and achieve something honourable in life. Once we have accomplished a settled life with love and respect, we might then look to reach our full potential. To ensure all students gain the most from their learning, consideration must be based on the particular learning style and objectives for each individual. An initial assessment of the students can be carried out for this purpose and then use a mixture of two or more styles and a range of different approaches to meet the needs of individuals and groups. Typical teaching methods fall into three categories: * Teacher-led: this is where the tutor transmits ideas, information and skills via lectures or presentations; * Participative: this involves interaction which allows knowledge and experience to be shared between the teacher and the learners; * Learner centred: this is where learners explore and discover by themselves, either on their own or in small collaborative groups. Benjamin Bloom provided the theory of Taxonomy to help tutors choose the appropriate teaching method. He made a classification of learning objectives that educators set for students in order to create a more holistic form of education. Bloom’s Taxonomy divides educational objectives into Cognitive, Affective and Psycho Motor domains. Skills in the cognitive domain revolve around knowledge, comprehension and critical thinking on a particular topic; traditional education tends to emphasize the skills in this domain and uses methods like lectures, small group work and problem solving tasks. Skills in the affective domain describe the way people react emotionally and their awareness to other people’s joy or pain; teaching methods in this domain might include discussion, case studies, role play and simulation. Finally, skills in the psychomotor domain describe the ability to physically manipulate a tool or instrument; typical teaching methods in this domain will include demonstration, individual practice and coaching. A tutor must also devise a programme of strategies to cater for the specific needs of their own specialism. This relates to the arrangements we make to get the class discuss particular aspects of the subject. You read "Examine the Key Factors Influencing" in category "Essay examples" Depending on specialism we can have discussions in pairs or in small groups. If the class is not too big we can also get the whole group work together and bounce ideas off each other. We could also take this one step further and consider if the class could benefit from group project work rather than individual project work. In that respect, Bruce Tuckman’s theory on stages of group development comes to our aid in understanding and assessing students in a group effort. This theory has gained a great deal of popularity and suggested that for a group to achieve maximum effectiveness it needs to move through four stages. These are: * Forming: at this first stage the team is new and the members are unfamiliar with each other. Each seeks group acceptance with caution, and conflict is avoided. * Storming:   at this stage different ideas compete for consideration and the he team addresses issues such as what problems they are really supposed to solve. Team members open up to each other and confront each other’s ideas and perspectives. * Norming: here the team manages to agree on common goals and comes to a mutual plan for achieving them. Some may have to give up their own ideas and agree with others in order to make the team function. * Performing: by this stage members are motivated and knowledgeable and the team functions as a unit in order to achieve agreed goals. Many long-standing teams go through these cycles many times as they react to changing circumstances. For example, a change in leadership may cause the team to revert to  storming  as the new people challenge the existing norms and dynamics of the team. Another important aspect of inclusive learning is the resources we use. It’s vital that these are carefully selected so as to reflect and meet the needs of all learners. If resources fail to do this they will create barriers to learning and disadvantage some individuals in the group. There is a wide range of resources that can be used but here is a selection that may meet learners’ needs: * Powerpoint: this is a vital resource when delivering information and, if used in the correct manner, can appeal to all learning styles. For example they can provide the basis for teaching other activities and can be left up at all time to remind students of their aims and objectives. Picture Cards: these are good visual resource and can support the topic being taught. They are particularly useful in multicultural environments and can be adapted easily in order to make them inclusive. * Films: appeal to all learning styles and abilities as they create a relaxed environment and can offer real life situations that can’t be created in the classroom se tting. Films also have a way of explaining different points of view in an alternative way. Moreover, they can act as an assessment method to check the learners have understood what has been shown. Case Studies: this is a powerful resource that stimulates learners to understand and critique how a subject is applied in the real world. * Quiz: this is a fun and interactive resource that can be tailored to different learning styles and ability levels. Other examples of resources include handouts and books to study and discuss theoretical aspects of the subject; computers, software and hi-tech equipment for hands-on experience of ICT subjects; and of course writing boards and flip charts to create on-the-spot diagrams and workflows and to have the whole class participate and interact. We also need to provide opportunities for learners to practice their literacy, language, numeracy and ICT skills. This can be achieved by embedding functional skills. Functional skills are practical skills in English, information ; communication technology, and mathematics. Allowing for these transferable skills to be included in our teaching will enable individuals to work confidently, effectively and independently in life. For example, facilitating contribution to discussions and working in groups will enable learners to develop literacy skills which they will then be able to use in their everyday lives. Also, coursework assessments and reflective learning logs constitute effective method of encouraging learners to use written skills. Also, we can encourage Maths skills by using for example number games, and ICT skills by including computer-led teaching and assessments. In organizing a class it’s increasingly important to establish ground rules with learners in order to adhere to minimum necessary conditions for getting learning work done in the class and promote respect for each other. The setting down of ground rules at the start of the course gives structure and guidance to the group ensuring that the people’s beliefs and wants are taken into account and the course can run productively within the set rules. Though there is no definitive list for all classes it is an essential exercise to think through what we want on the list. Typical ground rules may  include items like arriving on time, respecting health and safety regulations, switching off mobile phones, respecting other people’s contributions and not interrupting fellow-students. Usually, ground rules are teacher imposed but learners can make valuable contributions and sometimes there can be room for negotiation. Obviously, the majority of the ground rules cannot be negotiated but getting the learners to aid in the setting of the rules puts the ounce on them to adhere to them more. Moreover, it will make them aware of what will happen should the rules be broken. We also need to create assessment opportunities that meet the needs of learners. Assessment is the process of appraising the learner’s understanding of the subject and also of recording their knowledge, skills and attitudes. It can focus on individual learners or a group of learners as a whole. It is always best to start any course with an assessment of the students’ prior knowledge so that the tutor can start their teaching at the correct level and can ensure an inclusive teaching method where every learner’s needs are met. There are many methods of assessment depending on specialism. For example in assessing foreign language learning we can use multiple choice exercises, written answers, essay writing, class test, listening and speaking activities, to name but a few. When assessing learners we need to give constructive feedback in order to spur and motivate them to hone their skills. It’s important to tell them when they are doing something well and why, as this will serve as encouragement. However, constructive feedback doesn’t just mean positive feedback. We can give negative feedback too as long as we clearly state what could be improved and why. This means talking first about what a learner has done well, then going on to discussing points for improvement and then ending on another positive note. Using this strategy students are motivated by their achievements and evaluate the negative aspect of their feedback in a constructive way to better themselves. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation [ 2 ]. Bloom, B. S. , Engelhart, M. D. , Furst, E. J. , Hill, W. H. , Krathwohl, D. R. (1956) Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals; Handbook I: Cognitive Domain New York, Longmans, Green [ 3 ]. Tuckman, Bruce (1965). â€Å"Developmental sequence in small groups†. How to cite Examine the Key Factors Influencing, Essay examples

Buyer Behavior - Marketing Strategy - Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Describe different descriptions of the external as well as the internal influences of the purchasing behaviour of the consumers. Answer: Introduction The present study illustrates different descriptions of the external as well as the internal influences of the purchasing behaviour of the consumers. The current study also elucidates in detail different factors of the external as well as internal influences with references to the different models explained in the empirical studies. In addition to this, the present report also analyses different aspects of consumer behaviours with special reference to the operations of Boost Juice, Cancer Council Australia and the Churches. Boost juice is a retail company that offers healthy food products like the Nutritionists Choice Smoothies and many others. Description of the internal influence Perception As rightly put forward by Wells and Foxall (2014), the Internal influences that exerts immense impact on behaviour of the consumer consist of the perception of an individual, knowledge acquired through learning, recollection, intention, personality, sensation as well as outlooks. Furthermore, perception essentially plays a key function in the entire practice of processing of information as well as formation of consumer decision. However, it begins with increased exposure of consumer as well as concentration to different marketing stimuli that in turn terminates with interpretation. Therefore, these three levels essentially build up the overall process of perception. The diagram drawn below provides an outline of the perceptual course of action. Figure 1: perceptual course of action The stimulus that is necessarily not perceived properly cannot be processed neutrally (Wells and Foxall 2014). Therefore, the method of information processing can be considered as a procedure whereby particular stimuli can be suitably perceived, altered into significant information and thereafter accumulated. As can be observed, the entire course starts with appropriate revelation to certain stimuli that includes advertisement that primarily leads to an instantaneous response of different sensory receptors. The consumers can perceive the product of Boost juice as a healthy alternative to different fast food products and can be perceived as a brand that is necessarily as cool as Apple by young customers. The customers has strived for a healthy fast food and wanted to acquire something healthy to eat as well as drink. This has created the demand for the food product of Boost juices offering products in the wellness category. The negative perception towards smoking can help individuals to put up precaution against diseases such as cancer. This perception can also promote the objectives of the Church and the institution for cancer prevention (Boostjuice.com.au 2016). Gestalt Theories This particular theory has substantial impact on the comprehensive understanding of the overall perceptual processes that can be applied to two dimensional objects that makes it apposite for different marketing stimuli (Solomon et al. 2014). It involves different laws that refer to the following: Law of proximity- The approach of the merchandiser to this standard refers to the use of different display windows, positioning different items of clothing as well as accessories that in turn conveys message to the customer to envisage the product and subsequently purchase it. Law of closure- At the time when individuals gaze at an asymmetrical geometric figure they normally fail to observe the complicated details (Solomon et al 2014). This law can assist to elucidate the motive why customers are capable of filling in the absent words in advertisements for marketing. Learning Customers gain knowledge regarding different marketer-created stimuli such as the advertisements through acquired experience as well as prior knowledge (Schiffman et al 2014). However, this experience as well as knowledge acquired over time can affect the interpretation regarding the stimuli on the whole. Normally consumers are considered to possess bias attitudes towards their own preferred brands. Therefore, the outlook that customers of Boost Juice hold on to is actually the outcome of learning regarding healthy lifestyle that in turn tends to occur very rapidly. These expectations or else the outlooks that the customers establish are very difficult to adjust (Schiffman et al 2014). Accordingly, it can be said that the learning process occurs through connectedness to an environmental stimulus and particularly the stimulus takes place naturally. Motivation As rightly indicated by Schiffman, Kanuk and Hansen (2012), the motivation can be regarded as an energising strength that compels and activates different consumer behaviours. This can present purpose as well as direction to purchase behaviours and respond to the query regarding why customers engage in a particular manner. The motivation creates the drive and creates the want of the consumers. This in turn can develop a particular purchasing behaviour of the consumer. This can be regarded as the motivation process of the consumer behaviour. Figure 2: Motivation Process Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is essentially a macro theory that stresses the way the human needs can be regarded as the fundamental factor of consumption (Schiffman, Kanuk and Hansen 2012). Figure 3: Maslows Hierarchy of Needs The above diagram represents the stages of hierarchy succinctly and illustrates each of the stages that can be explained from the perspective of the basic level of the physiological wants and then to the more improved psychological needs. The physiological needs represents the needs refer to the account for food, water, shelter, sleep and many other physiological needs (Schiffman, Kanuk and Hansen 2012). This stage necessarily refers to all sorts of basic human necessities that are imperative for survival. The subsequent level represents the safety needs that include the need for physical safety, security, steadiness as well familiar environment. However, this concentrates on the feeling of satisfaction that enables development of a safe and secure surrounding. The consequent level is associated to the psychological need that refers to the belongingness that essentially gets reflected in the strong desire for love, friendship and is also acceptable to the entire society (Parumasur an d Roberts-Lombard 2012). The particular way in which the belongingness can be felt is primarily by attending the public gatherings or any other place. However, the esteem can be closely associated to this particular level as it focuses on the status as well as self respect. These requirements can be related to the feelings of the individuals sense of accomplishment as well as achievement. Finally, the level at the end located at the peak of the triangle can be referred to as the self actualization needs. This level or else the stage essentially refer to the yearning of the individual for the purpose of self-fulfilment that again in turn motivates the individual to achieve greater potential. The respective authorities can create negative motivation with the intention and purpose of preventing people to develop the habit of smoking. The Cancer Council Australia that is the centre of cancer prevention can aim at controlling the negative attempts of the activity and seek to generate a sense of fear among the individuals. This can motivate the people to abandon the habit of smoking and concentrate towards healthy lifestyles. Likewise the marketer of the Boost juice can generate positive motivation towards fulfilment of the need for healthy lifestyle and induce the demand for the healthy product of the company. Personality and attitude As rightly put forward by Martins, Yusuf and Swanson (2012), personality of an individual can primarily drive the behaviour of the consumer in order to attain different objectives in diverse situations. Personality can be referred to as a variable that can help the marketers in understanding the influence of individual traits on different purchasing behaviour of consumers. However, there are diverse dimensions of the trait theory as is mentioned in the five factors Model that indicates the multi-trait personality theory. This particular theory helps in capturing considerable amount of the individuals personality by utilizing the five different attributes. The intention and purpose of the model is primarily to recognize the five basic traits developed through genetics as well as learning in the childhood (Martins, Yusuf and Swanson 2012). The diagram below mentions different core traits of the individuals that can manifest themselves in definite behaviours that result from diverse sit uations. Attitudes essentially include three important elements, namely, the Affective, Behavioural and Cognitive aspects as proposed in the ABC Model of attitude. Attitudes also refer to an important factor from the perspective of the marketers as it has the potential to direct customers to products or else services that the consumers prefer (Parumasur and Roberts-Lombard 2012). The wellness division can be considered as the fastest developing retail section in the world as the health issues are regarded the key concern for individuals. The entire wellness industry of Australia approximately generates revenue amounting to US $ 2 billion per year and is still growing by more than 30% every year. Boost Juice markets healthy food and drinks such as the Smoothies that can be considered as healthy alternatives. Therefore, the consumer who once bought the hamburgers or else the candy bars for the meals are moving to the fresh food categories. Therefore, the personality traits of the individuals can get influenced and drive them to purchase Boost juice in response to the situation that reflects the increased awareness among people regarding health. Again, the marketers can focus on the emotional response of the consumers that refers to the behavioural components of the attitudes that can create the demand for the products of the company. The version towards the unh ealthy lifestyle can in this case generate the attitude, For instance, quitting smoking and eating unhealthy food (Boostjuice.com.au 2016). Figure 4: five factors Model Description of the external influence Group influence As rightly indicated by Jolibert (2012), there exists close association between the buying preference of thee consumers and the influence of different reference groups. The consumer psychology essentially refers to the way individuals or else the groups get involved in different consumer activities and the resultant impact it exerts on the buying preference of the consumers (Lee and Carter 2012). The external influence in the buying behaviour of the individuals might get influenced in different ways owing to diverse reference groups. The influence of the reference groups can be enumerated and scaled for understanding the power of the influence on the responses of the consumers (Lee and Carter 2012). The reference groups might perhaps consist of the familiar groups or else the external peer groups where each of the group can deliver definite as well as conflicting information that in turn can affect the overall buying and the consumption behaviour of the consumers. The marketers can c oncentrate on the group influence for formulating the marketing strategies of the Boost juices. Culture Culture can be referred to as the overall summation of the learned beliefs, erudite beliefs, values as well as customs that can direct the behaviour of the consumers belonging to a specific community (Consumer Behaviour 2014). However, in a broad perspective both the values as well as beliefs can be regarded as the mental images that in turn can affect and influence the wide range of definite consumer attitudes. This process can in turn influence the manner an individual analyses different alternative brands in a particular product category. Cultural facts vary between nations, and it increasingly becomes more intricate when individuals migrate to different places having different cultural dimensions (East et al 2013). In such cases, people are primarily subjected to various types of cultural references groups that consequently affect the buying behaviour of the consumers. Therefore, the marketers of Boost Juice also needs to develop appropriate strategy of marketing communication that can address both the cultural as well as the reference group facets from the perspective of both local as well as global aspects. The Consumers of Boost juice prefer smoothies as they view it as a healthier alternative to most of the fast foods and sweets and all other on-the-go meals. This reference group here refers to the friends, family and other familial group who need to be made more aware as regards the healthy lifestyle. This in turn can create a sort of bandwagon effect. Greater awareness regarding healthy food option can create higher demand for the product and ensure growth of Boost Juice (Jolibert 2012). The health awareness among the reference groups can also influence people to quit smoking and ensure prevention from deadly diseases like the cancer. Analysis of consumer behaviour This current study helps in conceptualizing the primary reason behind engagement in different consumer activities. It is appealing for a customer to have a comprehensive understanding regarding the ways marketing as well as individual differences can persuade information processing as well as decision making. In conclusion it can be said that the effect of both the external as well as the internal influences of the consumer behaviour helps in framing the marketing strategies. However, the marketing strategies depend on exploration regarding the consumer motivation and behaviour by the marketer. Their stratagems are primarily based on both explicit as well as implicit beliefs as regards the consumer behaviour. Therefore, the Marketing research intends to enhance the knowledge of customers to acquire perceptive as well as competitive advantage so as to better predict needs as well as desires of consumers. References Boostjuice.com.au. (2016).Boost Juice. Consumer Behaviour. (2014). Routledge. East, R., Vanhuele, M. and Wright, M. (2013).Consumer behaviour. London: SAGE. Jolibert, A. (2012).Marketing management. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Lee, K. and Carter, S. (2012).Global marketing management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Martins, J., Yusuf, F. and Swanson, D. (2012).Consumer demographics and behaviour. Dordrecht: Springer. Parumasur, S. and Roberts-Lombard, M. (2012).Consumer behaviour. Claremont, South Africa: Juta. 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