Euthanasia Essay -- essays research papers fc

Imagine yourself lying on a hospital furrow totally unaw atomic number 18 of the happenings around you. Doctors and family members come and go, mostly out of habit now, because they know on that points nothing more they can do. Many of their visits are a blur to you, with their voices and movements becoming unrecognizable. The pain you experience is nothing short of excruciating, but the hospital has exhausted all of their resources in their attempt to help you. by and by months of medication and efforts to assist your recovery, youre left with nothing to show for it other than the dreadful bills. Your family is just patiently waiting for your final days. Luckily, you are not in a situation like this, and hopefully you never will be. However one must wonder what they would desire to be done if they ever were. Would you want the hospital to keep searching for answers and cures? Or would you rather be brought to the comfort of your home to die peacefully? Or would you, like many o thers seem to, elect ending your personal suffering and inconvenience to family through euthanasia?In the condition titled Euthanasia Definitions, euthanasia.com defines euthanasia as the bearingal killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit. An action similar to euthanasia, defined in the same article is known as physician assisted suicide. While sometimes the two terms are used interchangeably, physician assisted suicide is when a debase provides a patient with education and or instruments useful to ending their own life without truly partaking in the death. Euthanasia Definitions also passionately stresses the fact that there is no such thing as passive euthanasia, which is thought of as death resulting from ending treatment that was ineffective, or providing too much medication without the intention of ending life. Euthanasia is fully an intentional act resulting in death. With a growing public awareness and its abundant levels of con troversy, the currently illegal act of euthanasia has come of widespread interest. Derek Humphry is a significant advocate for the legalization of euthanasia for the terminally ill. He wrote the book final exam Exit The Practicalities of Self-Deliverance and Assisted Suicide for the anxious(p) that became a 1 Bestseller for the New York Times. In this book Derek Humphry provides information to the terminall... ...a growing concern of most Americans.Works CitedArguments Against Euthanasia. Euthanasia.com. 2004. 22 celestial latitude 2004 Baskin-Jones, Michelle. Biographical Profile of Dr. labourer Kevorkian. Death and Dying. 2004. About, Inc. 29 December 2004. Cundiff, David. Euthanasia is Not The Answer A Hospice Physicians View. Totowa, New Jersey Humana Press, 1992. Euthanasia Definitions. Euthanasia.com. 2004. 22 December 2004Humphry, Derek. Final Exit The Practicalities of Self-Deliverance and Assisted Suicide for the Dying. New York, New York Dell Publishing, 2002.Kirkland, Michael. Analysis Life, death in the Schiavo case. United Press International. 2004. The Washington Times. 29 December 2004. lie in Suicide Show and Related News. Hell On Earth. 2004. 2 January 2005 MacQueen, Ken. Choosing Suicide. Macleans 5 Aug. 2002 40. MAS Ultra School Edition. EBSCO. CLS High School Lib., Crystal Lake, IL. 9 December 2004. Reasons for Euthanasia. Euthanasia.com. 2004. 22 December 2004The Thanatron. The Kevorkian Verdict. 1998. PBS. 29 December 2004.

How do to Frames on Web Sites :: Essays Papers

How do to Frames on Web SitesDividing a web summon into projects is quite simple. Frames organize web scallywags by dividing them into rows or columns. The basic concept of frames is that each frame is a regular, complete hypertext markup language enter. That means more than on one rogue is viewed in one single screen. This allows the viewers to stay one scalawag other than having to keep on going to new pages. If a person wanted to divide a page into 2 side by side frames, he/she should put one complete html document in the left frame and another complete html document in the right frame. In order to make this happen, making an additional html document is needed. This third html document contains the *FRAME* tags that specify what goes where. That is actually its only function.The two tags used are the *FRAMESET* and the *FRAME* tags. A *FRAMESET* tag is a container tag, and a *FRAME* tag is not. For those who dont know what that means, a container tag has an opening *T AG* and a closing */TAG*. The *FRAME* tag specifies the html documents and whether the frame should have a border or a scrollbar for each html document. The *FRAMESET* tag does all the dividing. It specifies a few things regarding how to divide them up. (Note If using web page providers such as angelfire and geocities, make sure the page that the frames code is going on is set for advanced html.)The most popular way frames are organize is by using two columns. One is simply being used for the card of the web site, and the other being used as the main page to view a specific page within the web site. The examples used will include how to create frames showing the division of the page into two columns and to a fault showing the division of the page into two rows. First of all, name the three html documents index.html, the page used for dividing it into frames side1.html, the left column of the page used for the menu and main.html, the page for viewing a specific page within th e web site. Make sure the following html code is used in the index.html page *FRAMESET cols=100,** *FRAME src=side1.html* *FRAME src=main.html* */FRAMESET*. The * simply means the space that is left over on the web page.

Essay --

Three Different Views Of Women In Greek Society The role of women in ancient Greek life was considered to be insignificant compared to that of Greek men. However, in tragedies, women were frequently written as main characters, revealing insights on how women were treated and pattern of in society. Many famous Greek plays contain numerous well-written, multifaceted, female characters. Each female character takes upon herself, the role of villain, the role of victim, and the role of heroine. Euripides (485-406 BC) is considered to be the just about socially critical of all the ancient Greek tragedians. The Trojan Women (415 BC) has long been considered a fresh artistic depiction of the Trojan War and a crafty portrayal of the barbaric deeds of Euripides own countrymen, the Athenians, towards the women and children of the people they conquered in war. Due to the fact of similarities between authors Aeschylus and Euripides, writing in the same place and time, one often make the mista ke of presuming their stance are the same on the particular topic. It would be a mistake to expect Aeschylus Agamemnon and Euripides Medea to express identical views on the subject each author had a distinctive way. The opinions of these two writers on this subject are in fact different. Aeschylus plays revolved around ethics, and usually he presented as impartially as possible, by asking the audience to judge the ethical questions for themselves. Agamemnon is not actually about Agamemnon as much as is about Clytemnestra, his wife. Aeschylus has created a woman, with whom his audience could sympathize, and whose pain felt real to them. This was no small attempt, bearing in mind the fact that in ancient Greece women were looked same as slaves. Euripid... ...?_lang=EN&lah=48193ae191c5dd06a6a177c47e15b633&lat=1052392158&hm___action=http%3a%2f%2fwww%2echuckiii%2ecom%2fReports%2fEnglish%2fWomens_Roles_in_Aeschylus_and_Euripides%2eshtml) Reference http//64.4.22.250/cgi-bin/linkrd?_la ng=EN&lah=b755bb350329eac38d5b9297bafdc29b&lat=1052392857&hm___action=http%3a%2f%2fwww%2ericheast%2eorg%2fhtwm%2fGreeks%2fothers%2ehtml http//64.4.22.250/cgi-bin/linkrd?_lang=EN&lah=73c7bc41a2e9d127b33cd8a919e534a9&lat=1052393201&hm___action=http%3a%2f%2fwww%2estoa%2eorg%2fdiotima%2f http//64.4.22.250/cgi-bin/linkrd?_lang=EN&lah=b740ba77c9dd0c6ed422cffbb095b5d3&lat=1052393201&hm___action=http%3a%2f%2fusers%2eox%2eac%2euk%2f%7eoucds%2fperl%2fview%2epl%2fdefault%2ehtml http//ablemedia.com/ctcweb/showcase.html http//www.pinkmonkey.com/booknotes/monkeynotes/pmAntigone10.asp http//digital.library.upenn.edu/women/eagle/congress/congress.html

Causes Of The Great Depression Essay -- essays research papers

Causes of the Great DepressionMany people think that the Great Depression was caused solely by the stock market crash. Anybody who tells you this in all probability didnt pass U.S. History in high school. The fact is, the Great Depression was caused many different factors. Four of which were overproduction, left over(p) distribution of wealth, protective tariffs, and the quatern sick industries of the 1920s.After World War I, new technological improvements helped factories to produce higher quantities of goods using smaller amounts of employees. Fewer workers meant less money being spread to the consumers to purchase products. America didnt have a necessity for this higher quantity of goods with less people receiving paychecks. Thusly, the age-old system of supply and demand began to quail because there were too many products with too few people who could afford them.In 1922, the average weekly earning for most people was about 22 dollars. Because of this uneven distribution of income, families couldnt afford to buy most products. Businesses suffered additionally because they had trouble selling goods. Most profits that could have been put into employees salaries went to shareholders or bum to the business itself. If the workers had higher wages, they would be able to purchase goods and thus help the economy.In 1930, congress passed the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act, which created the highe...

Antigone †Strong and Powerful or Spoiled and Stubborn? Essay -- Antig

Antigone Strong and Powerful or Spoiled and Stubborn?Of the tragic figures in Antigone, Creon is the most obviously evil because his motives are self-serving and his fate the worst. As the play begins, we learn that Antigone has defied Creons royal decree by performing inviolate burial rites for her exiled brother, Polyneices. Polyneices has been declared an enemy of the state by Creon. The sentence for anyone attempting to bury him is death by stoning. Creon has become King of Thebes by default, as a resoluteness of Oedipus fate as previously predicted by the Oracle at Delphi Oedipus murders his father and unknowingly marries his mother. Jocaste, his mother and wife and Creons sister, commits suicide upon learning the truth. Between Oedipus two sons, Creon sides with Etocles in his claim for Oedipus throne and exiles Polyneices. Polyneices, in exile, raises an army against Thebes, attempting to seize the throne for himself. The two brothers fight and slay one another. Etocles is awarded an honorable burial by Creon for bravely argue the city, but Polyneices is denied any burial because of his act of treason. Denial of a ritual burial was damming and nearly sacrilegious to the ancient Greeks. Creon is enraged to discover his decree has been disobeyed. When he learns it is Antigone, his niece, he asks her if she has heard the decree. She says yes, that the decree was declared publicly and openly -- she answers that she understands the consequences. Creon further asks Antigone if she is blatantly defying him. She replies that she is answering and obeying a higher truth. Creon condemns her, and in doing so violates the unspoken law of loyalty to the family. Creons will be done Creon Do you want me to show m... ...th her death. Chorus You has passed beyond human daring and come at last Into a place of stone where justice sits. I cannot tell What shape your fathers guilt appears in this. Antigone You have touched it at last the bridal bed Unspeakable, aversi on of son and mother mingling Their crime, infection of all our family Your marriage strikes from the grace to murder mine. I have been a stranger here in my give land All my life The blasphemy of my birth has followed me. (Sophocles 4,33-44). Perhaps this self-sentencing is her noble moral cause, or the very extreme of evil indulgence in self-pity and stupidity self absorption at the eminent loss of human life, including her own. Maybe shes just spoiled and stubborn. Works CitedSophocles. Antigone Trans. Robert Fagles. New York Penguin Classics, 1984.

Current Trends in Educational Technology Essay -- Education Technologi

Current Trends in knowledgeal applied scienceAbstractCurrent trends in educational applied science bye quite an coordinate of subject matter to study. I have selected a few articles demonstrating trends I found most interesting. These include trends in research, holistic engineering education, pedagogic rest in technology education and using open source software in the school. Hopefully these trends will be an eye unfastener for the reader. This paper is base on these journal articles Research in Technology Education Back to the Future (Reed, 2002) Basic Principles in Holistic Technology Education (Seemann, 2003) Partnership-Centered Learning The upshot for Pedagogic Balance In Technology Education (Walmsely, 2003) and Making the Switch to Open Source Software (Surran, 2003).Researching the Future of Educational Technology LiteracyClear lines of interrogation are needed to further technology educations place within the context of general education (Reed, 2002). The Int ernational Technology Education crosstie (ITEA), American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), National Research Council and Technology for All Americans Project (TFAA) provide significant amounts of research purchasable on educational technology. These organizations are always looking at what research would help achieve the goal of technological literacy. The National Science Foundation (NSF) makes federal funding available to educational technology researchers (Custer, Loepp, and Martin, 2000).TEGRD A newfangled Council on Technology Teacher Education tool, the Technology Education Graduate Research Database (TEGRD) offers new lines of research pitch towards education (Reed, 2002). The TEGRD was designed to highlight the history... ...chives website http//scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.htmlSeemann, K. (2003). Basic Principles in Holistic Technology Education. Journal of Technology Education ,14, Retrieved September 15, 2003 from Virg inia polytechnic institute found and read University digital library and archives website http//scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.htmlWalmsley, B. (2003) Partnership-Centered Learning The Case For Pedagogic Balance in Technology Education. Journal of Technology Education ,14, Retrieved September 16, 2003 from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University digital library and archives website http//scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.htmlSurran, M. (2003). Making the Switch to Open Source Software. T.H.E. Journal Online. Retrieved September 16, 2003 from T.H.E. Journal Online websitehttp//www.thejournal.com/ Current Trends in Educational Technology Essay -- Education TechnologiCurrent Trends in Educational TechnologyAbstractCurrent trends in Educational Technology offer quite an array of subject matter to study. I have selected a few articles demonstrating trends I found most interesting. These include trends in research, holistic technol ogy education, pedagogic balance in technology education and using open source software in the school. Hopefully these trends will be an eye opener for the reader. This paper is based on these journal articles Research in Technology Education Back to the Future (Reed, 2002) Basic Principles in Holistic Technology Education (Seemann, 2003) Partnership-Centered Learning The Case for Pedagogic Balance In Technology Education (Walmsely, 2003) and Making the Switch to Open Source Software (Surran, 2003).Researching the Future of Educational Technology LiteracyClear lines of inquiry are needed to further technology educations place within the context of general education (Reed, 2002). The International Technology Education Association (ITEA), American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), National Research Council and Technology for All Americans Project (TFAA) provide significant amounts of research available on educational technology. These organizations are always loo king at what research would help achieve the goal of technological literacy. The National Science Foundation (NSF) makes federal funding available to educational technology researchers (Custer, Loepp, and Martin, 2000).TEGRD A new Council on Technology Teacher Education tool, the Technology Education Graduate Research Database (TEGRD) offers new lines of research geared towards education (Reed, 2002). The TEGRD was designed to highlight the history... ...chives website http//scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.htmlSeemann, K. (2003). Basic Principles in Holistic Technology Education. Journal of Technology Education ,14, Retrieved September 15, 2003 from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University digital library and archives website http//scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.htmlWalmsley, B. (2003) Partnership-Centered Learning The Case For Pedagogic Balance in Technology Education. Journal of Technology Education ,14, Retrieved September 16, 200 3 from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University digital library and archives website http//scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.htmlSurran, M. (2003). Making the Switch to Open Source Software. T.H.E. Journal Online. Retrieved September 16, 2003 from T.H.E. Journal Online websitehttp//www.thejournal.com/

My Problem With Her Anger Essay

In the article titled My Problem With Her Anger, by Eric Bartels, he tells us around his life and more importantly, the marriage he holds with his married woman that he loves very much. However, she has a bit of a problem with passive-aggressiveness that causes turmoil in their so far, sooner successful marriage.He starts off at the beginning of the article by describing his day, after a long work day he finishes up the dishes lone(prenominal) to realize that there are two dishes left in the sink to soak that had been sitting there for several days, untouched. As the fact both his wife and his children are already asleep, the job of cleaning the several days untouched dishes falls to him. He noted that in that moment he realized, this was the dark pith of the divide between men and women.He goes on to mention that he knows his wife doesnt have it easy, and in fact, sometimes her life is much harder than his. Shes raising two kids, working, and still participates in family chores a t home. But Bartels does the same. Since they had children, he recalls having to pull up stakes up several things, these including drinking beer and guys night out. This came with the territory, scarce what else came with the territory, he was not expecting. His wife begins to take her anger out on him, letting her frustrations of the children out on her husband. With an accusing your son or your daughter implying she had nada to do with their behavior, Bartels found himself at his wits end.In his eyes, Bartels is up to his eyes in things he cant seem to do right. When he tries to constitute his wife a break from the busy hustle and bustle of her every day by cooking for dinner, bathing the kids, or grocery shopping, it seems he never fails to disappoint. His wife comes home, questioning why he made rice instead of pasta with their meal, why the water from the childrens baths havent been drained, or why he bought that particular thing at the store. Her temper flares and they beg in to argue.This, Bartels knows, is not healthy for a growing child, especially having two at very impressionable ages (two and six), exclusively he knows that without the big fight he and his wife are sure to have about the smallest little thing, her anger will continue to build until a beat down, drag out filled with curses ensues. This being worse for the children to grow up seeing, he knows that things have to change.In My Problem With Her Anger, Bartels isnt placing the bill solely on his wife, in fact, it is very clear he loves her very much and wishes nothing more than to be able to give her the happiness she deserves. He is simple stating that for them to work out in the end there must be help from both sides of the spectrum. Both he and his wife must give it all they have, 150 percent, or give none at all and watch as their marriage crumbles. Clearly, this isnt what he wants, so he is intercommunicate her, in a way, to help him save their marriage from the depths of the troubles that surround it.

Air Jordan Essay

mien Jordan is a brand of sideslips and athletic change state designed, owned, and produced by Michael Jordan for Nikes Jordan Brand subsidiary. The shoes, informally referred to in the plural as convey Jordans or simply Js, were first released for public expenditure in 1985 after Michael Jordan wore them in 1984 as a rookie thereafter, new designs were released annually. Since its introduction into the sports shoe market, the atmospheric state Jordan evolved to the original basketball shoes to models for different uses, including I- xxiii). pushover Jordan currently sponsors 19 active NBA players, including Chris Paul, Ray Allen, and Carmelo Anthony. They too endorse Nike airwave Jordan products.Air Jordan 1Air Jordan I, first Nike stoolies for Michael Jordan.The Air Jordan 1 was designed by Peter Moore. The Air Jordan 1 was first released in 1985, in a red and disastrous colorway to match the uniform of the Chicago Bulls, the team for which Michael Jordan played. This re d and black color-way was later outlawed by NBA Commissioner David Stern for not having any white on them. Michael Jordan would wear the shoes anyway, and each condemnation he stepped on the court with the Air Jordan 1 he would be fined five thousand dollars.Air Jordan 2The success of the Air Jordan 1 encouraged Nike to release the New Air Jordan in 1986 for the new basketball season. Designed by Peter Moore and Bruce Kilgore, the original Air Jordan II was unique in that it was made in Italy giving the shoe a luxury feel. The Air Jordan II was originally retailed at $64.99.Air Jordan 3The Air Jordan III was designed by Tinker Hatfield. By that time Michael Jordan was ready to leave Nike, but the Jordan III changed his mind. It was the first Air Jordan to feature a visible air unit on the heel, the new Jumpman logo, an elephant print garb and tumble leather to give it a luxury look. The Air Jordan III was also historied for the humorous ads depicting Spike Lee as vitiate Blackmo n, the character he played in his film Shes Gotta Have It. This campaign was cognise as the Mars and Mike ad campaign, which was one of Nikes most successful advertisement campaigns.Air Jordan 4In 1989 The Jordan IV shoe was released into the public, designed by TinkerHatfield. It was the first Jordan shoe released on the world(prenominal) market. Spike Lee, the director and actor helped in the ads for Jordan IV. Spike Lee had featured the Air Jordan IV in his movie Do The Right Thing. The Air Jordan Bordeaux Spizike IV were specifically made for Spike Lee in order to pay respect for advertising the Jordan Cement 4s.Air Jordan 5The Air Jordan V was released on February 1990, designed by Tinker Hatfield again. Some elements were carried over from the Air Jordan IV, but overall they were a completely new look. Some of its new features were a reflective tongue, translucent rubber soles and lace locks. Hatfield is believed to have drawn ingestion for the Air Jordan V from World War I I fighter planes, which was most notably visible in the shark teeth shapes on the midsole.Air Jordan 6The Air Jordan VI had a new design by Tinker Hatfield and released in 1991. Later that year the Bulls defeated the Lakers in the 1991 NBA Finals, with Jordan named as the most valuable player. That was also the first NBA Championship won by Jordan and the Bulls. The Jordan VI was also seen in the film White Men Cant Jump, which was produced in 1991 and released one year later.Air Jordan 7Air Jordan vii sneakers specially released for 1992 Barcelona Olympics. The Air Jordan VII was released in 1992 with a new design by Tinker Hatfield. This shoe introduced the huarache technology which allowed the shoes to better conform to the users foot. A few things were no longer featured on the new model, such as the visible air sole, the Nike Air logo, and the yellowing soles. This was the first Air-Jordan in the line that did not have any distinctive Nike Air on the outer portions of the shoe . When Jordan went to compete at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics to play for the US Mens basketball Team (also known as the Dream Team), Nike released a special Olympic color combo of the Air Jordan VII model which had Jordans Olympic jersey number, 9 even though most of the jordans that were made, especially the Air Jordan VII had a 23 on the back.Air Jordan 8The Air Jordan VIII was released to coincide with the 19921993 NBA season.The ordinal model of the Air Jordan was noticeably heavier than its predecessors. This shoe had a lot more detail than most of the earlier Air Jordans such as both crossover straps on each shoe and a Jumpman. Thus the Air Jordan VIII model became known as the Punisher because of the advanced basketball ankle fight down and enhanced traction. This shoe contains a full length air sole, polyurethane midsole, polycarbonate shank plate, and two crossover straps (for added support and more custom fit).Air Jordan 9Originally released in November 1993, the Air J ordan IX model was the first model released after Michael Jordans retirement. Jordan never played a full season of NBA Basketball wearing these shoes. This model was inspired by baseball cleats that Jordan wore when playing minor-league baseball.Air Jordan 10This was released in 1995, It was the first Air Jordan to feature a light phylon midsole. The shoe also featured all of Michael Jordans accomplishments on the outsole of the shoe.Air Jordan 11This model was designed by Tinker Hatfield. When the shoe launched, Michael Jordan (retired from basketball by then) was trying in minor baseball leagues. Hatfield designed the sneaker waiting for Jordan to comeback and hoping he would play in them. The ballistic mesh upper of the sneaker was meant to give the Air Jordan XI lighter and more durable than the past sneakers. Further changes came with the use of a carbon fiber spring plate in the clear out sole, giving the shoe better torque when turning on the court. The highlight and arguabl y most well-known aspect of the shoe is the plain leather mudguard. Patent leather was lightweight, when compared to genuine leather, and also tended not to stretch as much a property to help keep the foot indoors the bounds of the shoe bed during direction changes on the court. The patent leather gave the XI a formal look. When this shoe released, some wore this model with business suits sort of of dress shoes.Air jordan 12The Air Jordan XII was inspired by Nisshoki (the Japanese flag), and a 19th-century women dress boot. However, featuring gold-plated steel laceloops, embossed lizard splutter pattern and zoom air, this model set a new direction in style and technology in shoe design. Though not as light weight as previous models, the construction and firmness of the shoe is widely considered to be the most durable and sturdy shoes from the Air Jordan line.Air Jordan 13in 1997 Air Jordan XIIIs were released into the public . This model was known for its cushioning along the f eet, designed by Hatfield. The Black Panther was the inspiration for the Air Jordan XIII, the sole resembles the pads on a catamounts paw. But also the panther is the hologram on the back of the shoe which imitates a panthers eyes in the dark when light is shined at them.Air Jordan 14The Air Jordan XIV was originally released from 1998 to 1999. The Air Jordan XIV co-styled by the famous Tinker Hatfield and Mark Smith was made race ready and equipped with the Jordan Jumpman insignia on a Ferrari shaped badge. In addition, these shoes include breathable air ducts on the outer sole.Air Jordan 15The Air Jordan XVs were released in 19992000. Reggie Miller wore it during the 2000 NBA Finals. This was the first shoe after Jordans retirement. The design of the XVs originated from the aircraft prototype X-15, which was develop by NASA during the 1950s. The sides of the XV were made from woven kevlar fibre.Air jordan 16Air Jordan XVIs, designed by Nikes Senior Footwear Designer Wilson Smith, were released in 2001. preposterous to the Air Jordan XVI was a gaiter/shroud that covered the shoe and could be removed to give the shoe a new look. Not but was this for fashion purposes, it also had a thermal functionality.Air jordan 17This pair of Jordans come equipped with Keefer, which held the shoes and a compact disc containing the Air Jordan XVII song. The retail price of the shoe was US$200. The defining functional design element of the Air Jordan XVII model, which was later replicated on the Air Jordan XXIII model, wasthe reinforced mid-sole which provided a sturdy and stable chassis for the shoe.Air jordan 18The Air Jordan XVIII shoe was released in 2003, and was the shoe for Jordans last season, in which he played for the Washington Wizards. The shoe was designed by Air Jordan Senior Footwear Designer, Tate Kuerbis, The inspiration for the design came from a number of things sleek belt along lines of the auto world, carbon fibre-based monocoque of F1 race cars, race car driving shoes (rubber heel wrap) and Fine Italian dress shoes (bold stitching on the soles).Air Jordan 19Released in 2004, this is the first Jordan release after his third, and final, retirement which came after the 20022003 NBA season. The design was inspired by the Black Mamba snake, The Air Jordan XIX used ripe materials. The upper section of shoe was developed in collaboration with the global materials consultancy Material ConneXion, who sourced Nike a sleeving normally used in architectural applications for protecting polyvinyl chloride pipes from bursting.Air Jordan 20The Air Jordan XX was also inspired by bicycling shoes. The strap was placed in the center of the shoe over the laces. It also helped to create a tighter fit and increased support.

Organizational Performance Management Paper and Table

Medical facilities are forced into a target of working together for the sake of the patient. Nursing homes, doctors offices, rehabilitation centers, hospitals, and hospice centers completely essential communicate with each some other in order to provide the best care possible. Due to advances in technology, these individual entities can communicate easier with each other than ever before. Email communications, video/telephone communications make acquiring important information less time consuming and exceptionally easy for anyone involved.These brisk technologies also make it easier for supervisors and subordinates to communicate information to each other, even when they happen to be in different locations. When two individuals coordinate their actions within a predefined power structuresuch as when supervisors communicate with subordinatestheir interactions are an observable manifestation of organization-in-action. (Bidel, Messersmith & Kelley, 2012). One of the most importan t aspects of attempting a staff buy-in to any change in policy or procedure is to make the staff feel as though they had a hand in deciding how to implement the new policy or procedure changes.Staff members like to feel that their voice and opinion matters in the decision making process where they work. Staff members feel this way because any policy changes or procedural changes are changes that will directly affect their everyday work habits and life. It is important for a facility to do everything they can to follow all regulatory statutes that are required of the employment, but it is more important to have a staff that is willing to do all they can to help your business reduce any potential risks that could arise.Training the staff accordingly to follow the proper procedural directives in accordance with state/ national regulations will procure that the facility is reducing as much of their risk as possible. It is also important to schedule points during the year for additi onal training for changes that are occasionally make to regulations within the accreditation process. If a medical facility does not stay on top of changing regulations they can find themselves in a bad position both legally and financially.Medical facilities can be put in position to lose their license to practice, be fined into closure, and depending on the level of the violation staff members could be risking jail time for not following regulations precisely. There is nothing more important in a medical facility than patient preventive and being compliant of regulations and following regulations contributes to patient safety. long-term cunning Care Hospitals are health care organizations that provide post-acute care and services to patients who are fulfil from acute care hospitals, but need a longer stay to get well.Patients admitted to LTACHs are not well enough to be discharged home or to an Assisted Living Facility, where caregivers provide assistance for gainful living. Upon discharged from LTACHs some patients in need of extensive rehabilitation were referred to Acute Care Rehabilitation Facilities for further care before the patient is discharged home. Terminally ill patients in need of palliative services, upon permission were discharged from Long-Term Acute Care Hospitals and were admitted to hospices for further end-of-life care (Jones, 2012).Each health care organization and assisted living facility are accredited and regulated by the nucleuss of Medicare and Medicaid Service. They are also subjected to Joint Commission accreditation and standards to obtain and maintain accredited authority through the Center of Medicare and Medicaid Services, which operates under the jurisdiction of the Department of Health and kind-hearted Services. Healthcare organizations operating under state regulators may differ in Joint Commission standards (CMS, 2012).The Center of Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and the Joint Commission establishes grounds an d conditions for participation, and interprets guidelines for compliance. It is notable that Joint Commissions hospital accreditation program were subjected to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) requirements for organizations seeking accrediting authority. The Joint Commission (JC) also provides CMS with surveys and reports for healthcare organizations requiring and requesting accreditation and seeking to participate in, and receive remuneration from Medicare and Medicaid programs.Healthcare organization must become certified and comply with the Conditions of Participation (COP) or federal standards (CMS, 2012). Certifications were based on surveys conducted by state agencies on the behalf of the Center of Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). On the other hand, Joint Commission (JC) as a national accrediting organization can evaluate, and classify healthcare organizations as possessing standards that meet the criteria of federal Condition of Participation therefore CMS may grant that particular accredited healthcare organization deemed status, which are not subjected to surveys conducted by Medicare.Deemed status options are unattached for hospices, home health agencies, assisted living facilities, hospitals, and other health care service providers (CMS, 2012). Risk and caliber solicitude compliments each other and are two important components in organizational structuring, maintenance, and securing the sustainability of health care organizations. They are among the most highly regulated sectors of commerce, especially because administrative liabilities and criminal sanctions could be obligate against health care organizations.Compliances to regulations and the developing risk and quality management systems, contributes to the each of these organizations entire performance-management system. Effective management improves the healthcare providers ability to provide quality care. It promotes better patient, reduces errors, and reduces the li kelihood of unexpected events (Lee, 2011).The overall performance management systems improve quality services, ensure better resource intend for effective utilization and ensure that the organization is in compliance with governing regulations that could affect licensing. Effective management also provides assurance to stakeholders that the healthcare organization is concourse expectations, which includes integrating risk and quality management systems that produce the right outcomes for continuance quality improvement and secure the organizations ability to serve public by providing quality care (Phoenix, 2011).Risk and quality management programs utilizes a performance management system to identify risk ,waste, identify federal standard, regulation, setting goals, requirements for accreditation, assigning accountability, monitor performance and making adjustments as necessary. Evaluating progress, providing feedback and communicate results are among the many activities that comp rise a performance management system. As you conduct your research, remember the broad efinition of a performance-management system a comprehensive system used by an organization to ensure that the organization achieves its goals and improves its performance. A performance-management system is the overarching system that encompasses both risk management and quality management. Determine how compliance with the regulations and development of risk- and quality-management systems for each type of organization contribute to the organizations overall performance-management system.

Bahrain Bay Case Study

1- The 4 main philosophy ideas that Bahrain Bay? s tries to communicate dwell in 1. Communicate a wide range of messages to the broadest range of audiences, such is the example of taking a risky marketing move to go to Cannes and advertize themselves in that location to a wide range of people. 2. Address challenges as they present themselves in the competitive market place, because they are starting a stemma in a place where the saving is booming, so its a truly lucrative place but risky as well. 3.Ensure that all marketing messages adjust to the highest possible standards because they are looking for clients who are willing to pay what they ask for. In other words, they are looking out for clients who are not timid to afford the costs of acquiring a new space in their terrains. 4. Support the brand name of Bahrain Bay as a vision of the business future for example helping their surroundings to blossom in terms of economic success. 2- In my opinion Bahrain? s Bay mission is to achieve a sustainable business, moreover to gain high profits from it to a very exclusive market.Because rangeting one of those places is not for everyone. They manage to penetrate a very exclusive clientele which are able to afford the wanted price and they have done it in such a successful way that there is still demand on this sort of landpieces. They have also shown interest in helping their surroundings. Maybe as a marketing strategy so that the place doesnt look dangerous nor looks that it is taking advantage of the land without taking in consideration its original population.Therefore they have decided to make a very important image move in helping the locals to get a better life by sponsoring the football team for example. 3- During the MIPIM they were able to get the attention of several investors and developers. They were able to share and embrace the same vision of the project with these investors and developers which were about 26,000 people in a new coming and diversi fying economy that will adapt to the 21st century lifestyle. Due to its starting blossom economicaly speaking, Bahrain its a very juicy place for oversea inverstors. It has a dance orchestra of potential which has not fully been achieved. Right now this place is in a postion very desired for people wanting to invest lots of silver expecting highly rewards from it. 5- Bahrain Bay is not the only project taking place in the region. Nowadays there are other major financial and technical centers. Never the less we can not put aside the great importance of Bahrain Bay to the place. There are also other projects such as B.Investment Wharf , Financial Harbor, B. City Center which including B. Bay represent a high percentage of the countries growth. 6- Part of their new marketing program, consists in sponsoring the local football team. This helps the local areas to start a new rise in an economical level and in a social level. Making the local economy accession might make the place mor e interesting for the tourists and further investors. They are also achieving with the newly founded foundations fighting poverty and helping the locals in a corroboratory way.

Norms of Christian Theology

1. The microbes and norms of messiahian Theology I read book of account, tradition, reason and experience as the sources and norms of Christian theology. Revealing the greetledge of deity, guides us to know perfection, and inform our action and practice as believers, they are the sources as witnesses that points to the knowledge of God. At that same time, they are norms by which we can judge our understanding of God and correct our behaviors as children of God 2. Understanding of the source and norms Scripture is the witness of Gods revelation through saviour Christ.This is crucial source non only to form academic study within Christianity, just now to use in public worship, meditate the word of God, and transform Christians animateness and the world. There is newborn Testament and Old Testament. For a long time, putting the center as the point of delivery boy Christ, church tradition considered that Old Testament point frontwards and New Testament point back to Jesus C hrist. However, we need to understand that both of them are non only the account to testify of God scrimping action throughout history, but also the expectation of Christians swear confirmed by God.In terms of the Old Testament, it is important, first of all, because it reveals the essential characters of God who reveals in Christ through the story of Israel, we can see God who is faithful, promised to his people, delivered them from bondage, and keep promising hope. Secondly, Old Testament also anticipates the same future with which New Testament anticipates. That is hope confirmed by God. The New Testament is important in that it tells Christ in different ways. It is not only story looking back, but that looking forward in which Christ will come again and Gods unfulfilled promise will be fulfilled.Tradition is the proclamation of the word of God in which believers in communities of faith understood, taught, preached, meditated, and shared the world of God at different ages wit h various ways. There are three views of relevance of tradition. The first is tremendous view in which tradition as DUAL SOURCE has the same consent with scripture. In this view, scripture is the written form of apostolic witness of Jesus Christ, personal revelation and tradition is the oral form which is communicated hand out by apostles and witnesses generation to generation.The example is devotion to Mary, the central role of Bishop or Room. With exalted authority it has been very successful at maintaining the visible unity in church. However, it was challenged by Protestants to give the authority to only scripture. The second is diaconal (service) view in which tradition as ONE SOURCE subordinate to and measured by scripture. In this view, like Nicaea creed and Apostle Creed, does not communicate with the true of scripture, but hear in scripture and summarize it with new and fresh language.On balance, diaconal view seems to be best able to honor the past and the evangelical i mpulse to measure everything against Scripture. However, it still gives us question where the tradition communicate in which the scripture silence? In this vein, Martin Luther who denies dual source view also did not agree with single source view. It is because that traditions treated with respect and values where the scripture silence and did not contradict scripture. The third view is diabolical in which tradition is dangerous and misleading.Insisting that only authority encountering revelation is through the word of God, Free Church and Baptist part of radical reformation have non creedal tradition. As a distinguish character of human beings beings, reason is a tool of thought that we use to understand. It question Christians if Christian faith is self-consist and it consist with other things we believe. There are three approaches to understand the kin of reason to the knowledge of God. The first is that reason is no role to understand the knowledge of God.It is not necessary t o be Christian faith self-consist. As a human instrument, there is no value at all in reason dealing with divine. Without reason, we simply believe. The second is that reason completely adequate to understand the world and God. According to this view, reason tells us everything reliable, and the fact that we can know about God is the fruit of reason. Enlightenment, Deism, Thomas Jefferson approached reason into a magisterial level. In this view, reason helps us to have consistency with the others we believe when they are reasonable.However, if there is conflict between reason and faith because faith is something beyond reason, this view couldnt provide consistency. The third view is that reason is wonderful gift from God, relevant to things of the world, things of God. However, it is not sufficient for understanding things of the world and God. In this view, faith and reason is not a relationship of contradictory, but two wings of a bird, where reason provides first, faith provides second. Faith is root and reason is stem. Reason by itself is fully inadequate, but helps deepen our understanding of Scripture, tradition and ourselves.Experience is to experience God in personal life. It is not usually listed the source and norm of theology with other three (ex, episcopal Church), but it is very typical in Methodist. Because it played very roles in different theology, it is interesting source and norm. McGrath suggests two models of experience. The first is that experience provides a foundational imagination of Christian theology. It means that 1st hand encounter is the surest from of knowledge and self-explanatory other things become more intelligible because of that experience.Second, theology is a framework to interpret human experience. In this view, experience is not capable of interpreting by itself, but interpreted by theology. For example, Wesley emphasized experiential dimension of Christian life and experiential faith. He thought his great experience r eversed as tied up as a sense of joy and assurance in which the gospel became true for him. Lots of liberation theologian also interpreted their experience as hardship, injustice and oppression in light of Gods salvation through Jesus Christ.However, here is question, if experience becomes a identify mark and determined whether or not disciple, what happens feel more, less, or dried up? In addition, ones experience can be revised and transformed. In that sense, Karl Barth said that experience is relevant, so not equally easy to come the gospel. 3. Difficulty to understand scripture, tradition, reason and experience as norms and sources of theology As I mentioned in the beginning, scripture, tradition, reason and experience are the sources and norms of theology.As sources, they sustain Christians life so that their understanding and knowledge become nourish to know God. At the same time, by using them as norms, we can measure other testimonies. One of bar is that we easily want to make them norms we are not accepting them as sources. We need to receive them as sources which inform our action and practice in Christ. 4. likeness with the personal word of God, Jesus Christ. In Barth three folds of the word of God, the center is the personal word of God, Jesus Christ. The second circle is apostolic witnesses about Jesus Christ.Then the third is proclamation in which literal word of God proclaims today through various ways and activities. Reflecting these four sources on the three folds of the word of God, scripture is witness of the personal word of God, Jesus Christ. Tradition is in between scripture and proclamation. It is because that tradition is witnesses of the personal word of God as well as proclamation of the word of God today. Finally, reason and experience have dimension of all three dimensions scripture, tradition, and proclamations.

NoLag product

For the different budgets related to the NoLag overlap of JetSet Travel, Inc. (JTI), I would expect to see different items. Below are s concern budgets and items. But I would like to restrict what budget is first. Horngren, Datar and Foster (2002) defined budget as the quantitative expression of a proposed plan of action by management for a specified period and is an aid to coordinating what demand to be done to implement that plan (p. 835).Sales budget. This is commonly the staring point for budgeting. The budgeted sales for a future period determines the work and inventory levels which also determine the manufacturing costs of JTI as well as its nonmanufacturing costs for its NoLag product. Items seen in the sales budget are the budgeted selling price for the product, budgeted look of units to be sold, and of course, the budgeted total revenues fro the product. With respect to costs behavior, the items shown in the NoLag sales budget are all variable. That is, these items cha nges in total in proportion to the number of products to be sold.Purchase budget. This budget identifies the cover materials to be purchased which depends on the budgeted usage of channelize materials. Items seen in this budget are the direct materials needed, and under each material the pastime are specifiedDirect materials usage for the period, Target ending inventory for the direct material, Beginning inventory for the direct material, Cost per unit of each of the direct material requirement, and Budgeted direct materials purchases for the period The direct material cost, specifically the direct materials purchase cost is a variable cost. The amount changes relative to the number of direct materials budgeted.Operating expenses budget. This budget included the nonmanufacturing costs related to the NoLag product value chain. Included in this budget are research and education, marketing, distribution, customer-service, and administrative costs. The research and development costs behavior fixed or variable depends on how management allocates funds to it.If management decides that 10 percent of the total sales budget is to be allocated to research and development, then it is variable it varies according to the sales budget. The rest of the items under the operating expenses budget exhibit the same characteristics. For example, marketing costs are usually budgeted as a percentage of the sales budget.Capital expenditures budget. This is peaceful of the investing requirements of JTI with regard to the manufacture of the NoLag product. The expenses here are fixed which includes budgeted purchase amount of recent equipments.Cash budgets. The gold budget, according to Horngren, Datar and Foster (2002), is a schedule of expected cash receipts and disbursements (p. 197). Generally, the cash budget has several main sections.Beginning cash balance AND cash receipts. These will form part of the cash available for financing requirements of JTI. Cash receipts come from collections from customers and sales of the NoLag product. Cash disbursements are composed of direct materials purchases, direct labor and other wage and salary outlays, interest on long-term borrowing, income tax payments, and other costs and disbursements.Short-term financing requirements. JTI needs short-term financing requirements if its total cash receipts for the period are less than its total cash disbursements. Ending cash balance. Include considerations for the variable aspects of this product and its sales References Horngren, C. T., Datar, S. M. & Foster, G. (2002). Cost accounting A managerial emphasis. New Jersey Prentice Hall.APA 1

Intro to “Animal Farm” Essay

Animal heighten is a invention that cannot be chthonicstood and appreciated without a basic understanding of 20th-century European history. While author George Orwell whitethorn have featured talking, thinking animals and labeled the story a fairy tale, it very clearly references events in Europe in the time period leading up to and during World War II. Animal Farm is openly critical of all of the major players in the European theater of that time, and each is referenced by an animal at the farm. This should come as no surprise, given that Orwell lived in Europe and was governmentally agile during that time period.Like many Europeans who were tired of the confines of rigid class-based systems, Orwell could have been considered sympathetic to Communist or Socialist ideals, solely was seemingly disappointed by Stalins subversion of those ideals for personal gain. In fact, this vexation is what helps characterize Animal Farm as anti-utopian literature. There are dueling traditions in literature in which authors all describe a utopia, or a seemingly perfect world, or else they take an anti-utopian standpoint in explaining how there is no way to maintain such a perfect world. Animal Farm, which describes the descent of onetime(a) Majors proposed ideal world of animal equality into a totalitarian state slope by Napoleon, is decidedly anti-utopian.One of the interesting characteristics of Animal Farm is that, while it is critical of Communism in practice, it is not critical of Communism as an ideal. Nothing in the novel suggests that Old Majors ideas about ending the exploitation of animals were somehow wrong. In fact, Orwell describes the animals as being mistreated while under the farmers control. This leads one to believe that Orwell believed, theoretically, in the ideal of Communism or Socialism, and was critiquing not the ideal, but the possibility of the ideal. This is an interesting perspective, given Orwells own background, which would have placed him in the petty bourgeoisie social class.George Orwell was born Edward Arthur Blair on June 25, 1903, in India.His father was an English civil servant in India. At age eight, Orwell returned to England, where he was sent to boarding school. In 1917, Orwell went to Eton on scholarship, where he was first exposed to the political ideas that would eventually form the foundation of Animal Farm. Upon graduating in 1921, Orwell followed in his fathers footsteps and went to Burma, India, as a member of the Civil Service, where he served from 1922 to 1927. After that time, Orwell seemed to abandon the privilege that came with being a member of the velocity class, even if he was a poorer member of that group. He spent a year living among the bring low class in Paris and in England, even spending some of that time with homeless people.It was about that time that he began writing seriously and adopted the pen name George Orwell. While he was gaining watch as a writer, he also had day jobs, first as a teacher, and then as the proprietor of a pub and a general store.Orwell became a Socialist in the 1930s, and when asked to report upon the Spanish Civil War, actually fought in defense of his political beliefs and in favor of a Socialist Spain.However, he was adamant about the differences in the Communist and Socialist philosophies and believed that Communism was a threat to Socialism. He united in the battle, fighting on the side of the Republicans as a member of a Marxist political party, and he was injured during this service. While the Republicans were successful in the war, the Marxists were not pro-Stalin factions took over the Republicans. This historical part of Orwells life undoubtedly helped contribute to his criticism of Stalin and helped serve as a foundation for Animal Farm, though he would not write the novel for several years.

Comparison between Japanese and Canadian Central Bank Policies Essay

The present report card is an investigation of the of import bank policies in the countries of lacquer and Canada. The radical takes into examination depone of japan and chamfer of Canada and explores the grounds on which similarities and differences, if any, can be noted. This study is a comparison between the of import banks policies of both the countries. The structure of the paper everywhereviews the banking system of both the countries then furthers with various(prenominal) analysis only to bring a study comparison at the second last section. The paper discusses findings in the conclusion section and makes recommendations for future insurance insurance polity making and development.2- OverviewThis section overviews the past, present of the two banks in the c erstwhilerned countries. This is in the attempt of creating a base of the later sections that would be dealing with specific policy issues of the two banks.2.1- Japanese Banking SystemToday Japanese banking sys tem finds its prep atomic number 18ational roots in the aftermaths of World contend II and is as yet continuing to grow support for the fiscal and industrial organizations of the country. Ever since World warf ar II, Japanese banking system has g maven through a count of changes and adaptations in corporate behavior as well as in the shaping of economical and regulatory policies.The period that can be verbalize to be the golden age for the development of the Japanese banking system is regarded to be from the proto(prenominal) 1950s to the early 1970s. This was the time when Japanese firms were growing rapidly and need financial stick let outing and pecuniary assessment to hold solid on the corporate grounds. However, from the 1970s, some changes were experienced by this banking system and that solid scene was shaken. Of the major(ip) reasons, international paradigm change in financial transactions, corporate behavior with regard to investment of peachy both internal a nd external, (firms started issuing securities rather than borrowing from banks) and different such reasons can be verbalize to be the causes for the shaking of such a strong banking system as was in Japan once especial up to the early 1970s.Up to the present day, in the Japanese financial system, bank loans still possess the dominant place as the external financing source for the corporate sector which is non-financial until 1986 the borrowings through with(p) from private institutions were recorded to be more than seventy percent. Other such common ser unrighteousnesss as issuance of bonds, client monitoring, cost monitoring for different services, and so forth are also found to be in practice in the Japanese banking system. As such, thither is much more that is needed to be examined in this countrys banking system that makes it guiding light on the international horizon (Aoki, Patrick, & Sheard, pp. 1-15, 1994).2.2 Canadian Banking SystemThe central banking system of Canad a is also with its typical issues and challenges and up to the present time, these challenges curb been multiplying for a make sense of factors. For example, nowhere in history general public was so much conscious about the immoral unemployment and is now showing a hyper attitude which simply put the government and its financial institutions up mien to the review article. As such, the challenges are to make such financial policies as can help confront these challenges and move over them. Although the central bank of Canada did go through a long period of adjustments, say the feeling period of the 1930s and later, Neufeld (1958) notes that The constitutional adjustments experienced by the Bank of Canada were not as great as those of some older central banks (p. 4). There are noteworthy reasons for this observation.For instance, beginning in the grocery store, the bank was sponsored by the government leading to a stable position. However, political interventions and the banks responsibilities to cater for the needs or demands of the political party government continued to exist. The bank went through war crisis, financial instability, and social pressures deal unemployment, all along its birth becoming an adult from an immature youth. At present the Bank is in a more favorable position to serve for the purposes of the government and perform its multifarious purposes with regard to financial activities along with the challenges. Some of the challenges that the bank faced during its stability periods were serious foreign exchange outflows and phenomenal capital inflows (212).The three areas, back in the stability phase, i.e., bond market, stock exchanges, and foreign exchange markets, have been tactfully established by the bank to create a positive picture of the overall economic slip of the country. Presently, the Bank holds a primary position in the decision making process of these three areas. Today, as a successful bank, the expert opinion about this bank is that it has dealt in the time of difficulty more with technique which was versatile than conservatism (213). The banking system of Canada is in a constant process of up grad for better output one such instance is the use of geographic information systems (GIS) technology for a wide range of applications (Macdonald, 2001, p. 419). Therefore, it is important to have a deep examination of the policies and practices of this bank so that the insiders view can help new(prenominal)s form such a system in any other(a) country.3-Policies of the Bank of JapanThere are a number of policy issues that need to be revisited solely for the limited space of the paper, only a few major are discussed. First of all, policies of the Bank of Japan (BOJ) have been central to critics attention due to a number of reasons but the most important is that it is one of the three G-3 central banks that have been reviewed in the past decades. The special features of BOJ are numerous. The most apparent, however, is its stance on deflation. Although BOJ was forced to take a highly leveraged position in local financial milieu, it has taken no risk to fight down the challenge. Moreover, it might have been possible for the bank to give in to a number of challenges that were created by deflation, however, the bank continued to survive with a number of different policies and measures (Cargill, 2005, p. 311).BOJs approach to monetary policy is pragmatic. The overall focus of this monetary policy is to maintain stability in price and surveil along economic development. To meet these ends, the Bank monitors such areas as exchange range, the aggregates of money, the indices of consumer and wholesale rates, produce of the GDP, production winning place in the industry, on-going stakes rate in the market, prices of assets, and a number of other factors. It is also notable that in the functions of the Bank, international policy association and coordination can also play a reference in the Banks domestic policy making. It is important to note that throughout its existence the BOJ has never come to stand as hardcore monetarist. Instead of this, the Bank has been treating the policy making of money more equal a form of art. There are a number of methods by which the Bank lets its policies become public. The execution of instrument of policies also takes a number of forms, for instance, discount window guides other financial institutions through loans etc. (Miller, 1996, pp. 1-47).By the late 1980s, BOJ held its position as positive in the eyes of the critics due to a number of policy making issues since WWII. Up to then the bank had gone through a number of remarkably parlous times coping up with such challenges as industrialization and establishment of it. By that time major characteristics of BOJ were its commitment to price stability and positive outcomes that came out of its policies. The most important point is that since its establishment, its legal positi on did not go through a change. Then it was the only bank rated as the most capable of all the central banks in the world. Hence the notable feature is its keeping price stability kinda of being a dependent bank. It also contradicted the widely acclaimed view that the more independent a central bank, the more price stability would be extended (Cargill, 2005, p. 311).May 1989 is the period called the low point policy period of BOJ which continued through the year 2004. Here the bank subjoind the rate of discount in a number of steps that included historically low rate of 2.5 percent to 6.0 in the first stage of 1991. It was sternly a reaction against the asset inflation of the 1980s. However, the sharp recession and diminishing asset rate backed the bank to move for ease of policy in 1991 and the call and discount rates came down to 0.05 percent by the early 1995. Until it obtained the first 0 rate of interest policy in 1999, the bank went on lowering call rate discount. It was d rawn to a close in 2000. It came back to zero rate policy again in 2000 and moved on to a statistical sculptural relief down of policy in 2001 because declining economy alerted the causeities moreover, it needed to adopt a different manikin of operation for short-term rates on interest which had to be fundamentally zero (Cargill, 2005, p. 311).Although internationally, it is the genius of the Bank of Japan that it has been moving too gradually in terms of the formation of monetary policy, fiscal policies, and settlement the issues present to it, there are important areas where this criticism becomes void. For example, Japan is practically compared with the USA without considering the fact that fountain faced a great many more problems than the latter. Additionally, there are such instances as Japans tighter economic policy in 1996 that has much to discard this criticism (Browne, 2001, p. 3).4- Policies of the Bank of CanadaThe Bank of Canada (BOC) is often criticized for infl uencing the level of price, jobs, and the development of its countrys economy. However, in the recent years the Bank has acquired a reputation that it is very concerned with keeping the inflation rate low so that it can make other ends meet for broader goals of economy. The Bank has also been charged with its acute concerns to inflation rate only and looking over such challenges as unemployment and economic ontogeny. However, there are proponents of the Banks policies who come forward to obtain the policies of the bank as they are presently in practice stating that if the focus of the Bank shift to the vice versa perspective, there would be no growth in economy and inflation rate will increase causing devaluation of the dollar. Vanderhart (2003) conducted an in-depth analysis of BOCs reception to inflation rate and other such concerns as unemployment, growth of economy, and other factors.The author found that there is insufficient evidence to suggest that the Bank of Canadas resp onse to economic data available on inflation is direct, inflationary precursors as raw materials and intermediate goods prices are only significant when other important factors are omitted (p. 357). But the author does not make it a remark that the Bank does not follow the procedures to pursue anti-inflationary policy. What the BOC has successfully achieved with regard to keeping control over inflation is that it responds to those factors which are other than the releases of price level data. Moreover, the recent policies also prompt to the prompt that the Bank is taking measure to fight the challenge of unemployment.Two factors also came up to the authors analysis that determined the actions and responses of the BOC. These are exchange rates and federal fund rate. The bottom line that the author draws is the there is little doubt about the health of the Canadian economy and the BOC is actively involved in the process of keeping this health stable. However, if some out-of-Canada is sues are present, there may be some criticism on the Bank for example, its interconnection with the U.S. monetary policy because there are voices that might want a Canada which is independent of U.S. related economic policies (Vanderhart, 2003).If we review comparative analysis of Canadian economic growth with other countries (say Australia), there is sufficient evidence to mark the above observation that the Canadian economy has grown stronger than in the first place and that such challenges as labor utilization has been carefully handled in the favor of the country. Harchaoui, et al. tell us that the growth of Canadas real average income has large credit to a magnificent improvement in the focus labor has been utilized, i.e. the combination of high average hours worked and a high rate of employment in the tot population. In addition to this, capital deepening effect has also played an important role in the present stability of the Canadian financial view (Harchaoui, et al., 20 05, p. 36).5- Bank of Japan and Bank of Canada compare the policies of the central banks of Japan and Canada each gives us more insight. There are a few studies that have been done on the comparative analysis. In one such study, Tomljanovich (2007) informs that the central banks of these two countries (including banks of other countries, as well) are on a constant pursuit of having open dialogue with the general public and this is in the efforts of increasing efficiency and reducing capriciousness in financial markets. In the case of Canada, which comes in the kinfolk of a majority of interest rate maturities, it is found that there is greater predictability in terms of market functions because there is a high flow of information to Canada and this flow coincides with sub-periods simultaneously to lower interest volatility rate. However, Japan (as well as Germany in this study) appears to be the only country in which there is no such evidence of lower interest volatility. Moreover the study shows that the central Bank of Japan and the central Bank of Canada both moved to greater transparency measures in the 1990s which shows that both these banks want to fall out on the modern lines (p. 791).As for the policies of Canadian central bank, it is evident that there is inclination of these policies to those of the U.S. There is no doubt that Bank of Canada has greater interests in keeping these ties with the financial environment of the U.S. monetary and fiscal policies. However, Bank of Japan has stood on a very different turf that is of independence with dependence and of unique regulatory framework of all policies handled ever since World War II. There is no doubt that government care Canada and Quebec recognize China and Japan for their strategic partnership in the region of Asia. For this the credit goes to Japanese ever-growing economic curve which in turn holds credit for the policies that the central banking system of Japan for a long time formulated, r an, and implemented successfully (Inomata, 2002, p. 259).6- ConclusionExamination of the policies of central Bank of Japan and the central Bank of Canada in detail reveal that both countries have to face challenges that emerge from their specific environment. There are similarities and differences in the approaches of the Banks of both the countries. One acute similarity is that both countries have moved to greater transparency and are considered successful banks on the international horizon. Another is that Banks of both these countries are focusing more on interest rate and inflation level stability. For this purpose, however, the approaches of the two banks are different both are putting efforts to fight the challenge of unemployment. As for the differences, Japanese bank is legally dependent, whereas, Canadian bank is independent yet there is this sharp observation that Bank of Canada looks at the U.S. financial environment for policy making, whereas, Japanese Bank looks at its own typical challenges that need to be tackled on the international front. Another important thing which comes out from this study of the two banking systems in two different countries is that both function in their own environment and that it is not possible to find acute similarities in both the systems because of different financial and social outlook of the countries.This is important to look into more details in these central banks and banks of other countries as well so that a sound analysis about policy making and other measure against present and future challenges can be met.

The Three Basic Economic Questions

The Three Basic Economic Questions 1. What to Produce? what items to produce and how much of each item to produce using its productive inputs in the most efficient manner. 2. How to Produce? unitary the finding has been made regarding what to produce. each country must choose which resources productive inputs will be employd and in what combinations3. For Whom to Produce? Should the productive issues be distributed based on social customs, personal wealth and ownership, or mandated by the government? mandated government- china no youtube or facebook (social customs- north korea the worst)Basic Economic Systems Traditional Economy One in which scotch decisions depend upon social customs and rarely changes from generations to generation. in these societies, religion and culture are more than important than personal wealth and material possessions. ( north korea, india marriage) conncected to for whom to produce in traditionMarket Economy One in which economic decisions are based on private ownership, where singulars are free to pursue their own ego interest. This system is often referred to as capitalism. individuals use their incomes to purchase goods and services. The more income one earns, the more purchasing baron they have.Command Economy One in which all productive inputs are owned by the government and rudimentary planners within that government decide what items to produce and how much will be produced how it will be produced and how output will be distributed based upon anticipated future needs of the economy. ex. China majority AfricaMixed Economy One that combines aspects of a market economy and a command econmy the economy uses both markets and government to make decisions. well-nigh countirestoday fall under the mixed eonomly definition, however in varying degrees between private and domain sector influence ex. Sweden, Canada, USA Economic SystemAdvantagesDisadvantagesTraditional Stability Emphasizes on spiritual and cultural aspects of l ifePoverty Lack of individual freedomsMarket Individual consumers determine what is produced and ultimately how much they are willing to pay.Encourages innovation and entrepreneurshipInstability in output imputable to changes in prices and/ or employment levels Private markets do not always consider the needs of association as a whole e.g. homeless shelters. If income is distributed based solely on earnings, some individuals might not earn enough to obtain the basic necessities of life. CommandMore even distribution of incomeCentral planners can focus on economic growth by directing resources in a specific direction.Lack of individual freedomsCentral planning difficulties and errors in judgmentInefficient use of resources due to the lack of profit to motivate the efficient use of resources

Automobile †Opel Essay

Introduction A museum is an initiation that autoes for (conserves) a collection of artefacts and other objects of scienti$c, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Museums have varying aims, ranging from serving researchers and specialists to serving the general public. decl atomic number 18 oneself of study ?A car represents status. A car is symbol of power. There are many car enthusiasts in our country. ?There are many rich people that own a antique or a latest high technology car. ?And on other had there are many people who potbellynot a/ord such an expensive car but have a with child(p) interest in them. ?Most of the car museums we see holds only the vintage cars. ?Thus there is a need felt to provide a new building typology which can o/er a range of cars to view, from vintage to the modern, for all the car enthusiasts to look out. SOURABH SHALGAR FOURTH YEAR (CM) rob N O27 1 An Automobile Museum Same as an ordinary museum, an Automobile museum is a museum where a range to cars are for display for the people to view. Purpose of an Automobile Museum ?The main purpose is to provide a stage where people can display there cars.?Giving people an opportunity to see a wide range of cars under one roof. ? on with that providing ancillary activities such as a pursue for drag racing , where various events can be performed. ?Helping the car companies to display there cars which can help them advertising there brand, and giving a chance to people to compare between to companies. ?Along with that to provide all the amenities to ensure the comfort of the phoneor. ?To make the Museum a tourist attraction so that it will be a revenue generation place for the city. Aim ?Attract people to visit the museum. SOURABH SHALGAR FOURTH YEAR (CM) ROLL NO27 2?To provide display for a strain of cars and companies. ?To knowledge people about history of the car companies. ?To make the museum a tourist attraction point. ?To sustain the visitors. Design Strategies To achieve the aims , the components which can be used in design are ?Granduarness should be created by the structure which can act as the landmark of that place. ?Ambience should be created such that visitors should enjoy. ?Display areas created should carry through the Status and luxury of the car companies. ?Metal Innovative Architecture must be used to guide the structure the iconic look. SOURABH SHALGAR FOURTH YEAR (CM) ROLL NO27 3.

Criminology Coursework †Assessing the riots Essay

Criminology is foc apply on the onslaught to understand the meanings heterogeneous in tender interaction. Theorists hire tried to explain sociological deportment by looking at the patterns created by idiosyncratics that commit offense. The heroic 2011 screechs argon pivotal in explaining criminological behaviour since official statistics show that 865 individuals were put in prison by the 9th September 2011 for offences related to the dis army mingled with sixth and 9th princely 2011. This is non to say that others were non involved, however that they shake off simply not been set to date and may never be identified, however the evidence we do have ab come in the novel riots gives us plenty to talk ab protrude. This essay pass on provide a basis for ca expends of the 2011 riots by passing the Labelling system and the anomie theory to events that led to much(prenominal)(prenominal) behaviour. Mark Duggan was shot by a constabulary military officer from the spec ialist invokearms command team and as life-taking errors were made on behalf of the police force, such events that led up to the riots suggest that the police service could be to blame.It was on the sixth August that relatives sparked the riots by setting fire to police vehicles as they demanded in makeation about Duggans goal, however the British Prime Minister David Cameron jilted a causal relationship between the death of Mark Duggan and the subsequent robbery. Some say labelling is not a theory because it does not give an explanation of law, scarcely questions why we have such rules. For Labelling theorists thither is no such thing as shame, as we create the laws and punishments by defining certain acts to be abnormal. Deviant elbow room to depart from usual or accepted well-worns. Leading theorist Kitsuse utter it is the responses of the established and conforming members of participation which identify and interpret behaviour as deviant which sociology transforms s oulfulnesss into deviants.This agent that it is not the actions themselves that are crimes but the social response to such actions that the majority of mickle deem to be unacceptable and so these actions have been made crimes. This is how we label individuals to be criminals as they do not conform to the behaviour of the exemplar majority. This raise be un charming to nonage groups since they may not deem their actions to be criminal but do not have a choice, for example the introduction of the poisonous Justice be which criminalised antecedently civil offences such assection 63 which gives police the powers to remove persons attending or preparing for a rave. The aim of the act was to give greater penalties for anti-social behaviour however such activities like raves may be anti-social in behaviour from some perspectives but is untarnishedly a form of entertainment to others and so this is discriminative against ravers as their recreational activity has been barred.Commenta tors have seen the constitute as a draconian piece of enactment which was explicitly aimed at suppressing the activities of certain strands of alternative culture. In response to this Bill, the band Dreadz genius released a single called get by the Power which links into the Anomie theory (see anomie below) as the band were taking action to renegade the change in the law by getting the message across through their music. This in like manner reflects Tannenbaums view of labelling that the process of defining someone as a delinquent is payable to conflict over particular activities, which results in tagging in which the person becomes the thing he is described as world and that the simply way out is through a refusal to dramatize the evil. This can be applied to the novel riots the spate involved were in conflict with the rest of golf-club. Official statistics have shown that 73 per cent of those that appeared before the courts for the disorders involved in the riots had a previous caution or conviction and so this fits in with Tannenbaums overturn that once a person is tagged to be bad they will continue in that manner.However, this information is only reliable to a certain extent as we do not know what configuration of convictions the rioters already had and so they have been labelled as criminals due to deviance. According to Becker deviance is a resolution of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an vilifydoer. Becker came to the conclusion that people are criminalised through the process of negotiation, known to be social constructionism for example the Crown Prosecution Service may drop the charge of murder to manslaughter if on that point is not enough evidence to convict for murder. By doing this the defendant becomes labelled for the crime of manslaughter even though he may truly be guilty of murder. By introducing what could be regarded as petty legislation more than people will be labelled criminals, which in tur n may slip away the offender to act further on this basis. Lemert referred to this as secondary deviance as when a person is labelled criminal they change their view of themselves and this then becomes their master status.On the otherhand first deviance is when someone violates a social code, but does not get labelled. Therefore a person is only labelled a criminal if he is caught and since heathen minorities are subject to much more scrutiny than the discolour population this puts forbidding people at an automatic disadvantage. Following the inquiry into the death of Stephen Lawrence it was uncovered that the police are institutionally racist. Institutional racism can be defined as the collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to the people because of their colour, culture or ethnical origin. This can be seen where police failed to identify the attack on Stephen Lawrence as being racially aggravated and presumed it was gang relat ed. This is due to the labels attached to vague people that they are all associated with black on black artillery unit crime.Official figures show that black people in England and Wales are vi times more likely to be stopped and searched by police in comparison with their white counterparts. The power given to police to stop and search is found under the Criminal Justice Act and requires the police to anticipate force out. For the Mark Duggan case although the officer may have reasonably deliberated the suspect had a gun this was due to the label attached to him because of the colour of his skin and so such an assumption was not as a result of any ripe intelligence. This reflects institutional racism as it is hard to believe that a white person would have been treated in the selfsame(prenominal) way. Despite umpteen black deaths in police custody there has been no conviction of a police officer. This is because of assumptions made that the victim must have been at fault bec ause of the stigma that is attached to black people. This suggests an element of class because the subvert class would most likely be punished when caught, whereas many officials manage to escape minor crimes and so the rich and powerful are protected.The Brixton and Toxteth riots were also in response to such discrimination as at this time the police thought they were the law and so used brute force against many individuals for mere suspicion when in matter of fact they had done nothing wrong. Goffman referred to stigma as spoiled identities which he defined as an attribute that is deeply discrediting within a particular social interaction. Referring gage to the riots this means that certain people, in particular black people cannot rid themselves of such spoiled identities and as a result are much more likely to be subject to assumptions that they are deviant. It was Schur that definedthat a person employs deviant behaviour as a means of defence. This is relevant to the recent r iots since one man falllared that he only joined in after being stopped and searched several(prenominal) times while trying to make his way home from the disturbances in the city centre. This suggests that the riot was escalated by fury towards the police as they inherit discrimination in carrying out their duties. Although racism is rooted in widely shared attitudes, values and beliefs, discrimination can occur irrespective of the intent of the individuals who carry out the activities of the institution.This means that the police may not even be aware that they are being racist, but the labels they attach to certain individuals are present regardless of whether it is intentional. This could be because of the small number of ethnic nonage police officers and so the force is not representative, which in turn reflects the ignorance to the modern, multi-cultural confederacy that we live in. So is it fair to say that the police are to blame for the break out of the riots or that they did not carry out their duties efficiently enough to prevent them? The telegraph has cited that Mark Duggan was well known to the police. They had assumed that Duggan had a gun and further misleading information leaked to the popular that the victim had actually fired bullets at the police first. twain assumptions made by the police turned out to be false and so this created an outburst of anger since it appeared that such assumptions were based on the fact that Duggan was black.Labelling is a problem that cannot be reversed easily and was adjudge by Sir Paul Condon where he stated I acknowledge the danger of institutionalisation of racism. However, labels can cause more problems than they solve. Deviancy Amplication, as Leslie Wilkins pointed out is the process where the reaction by agents or agencies of social control may lead to an escalation, rather than a diminution of deviancy. The riots reflect this as the deviant behaviour spirals out of control as more acts are defined as crimes which leads to more restraints against deviants which in turn leaves them feeling as outsiders and so pushes them into the surroundings of other criminals which again leads to more deviant acts. The 1981 Brixton riots produced the Scarman give out which emphasised the duty of police to apply the law firmly and sensitively without differing standards and although many measures were introduced to improve trust and understanding between the police and ethnic minority communities, theMacpherson inquiry in 2000 said the Metropolitan police chill out suffered from institutional racism.Although it is evident that labelling causes many problems that cannot be reverted, it would not have been diplomatic to keep the truth behind the institutional racism a secret from the public and so on its emergence it is fair to say that this caused the beginning of the riots. As a result of this the police have now too been labelled and therefore much trust has been missed in the eyes of the public. The Anomie theory was established in the aftermath of the industrial revolution where society had been subject to a social transformation, which saw a drop in the ability to maintain order. Durkheim said crime is normal in any society and is functional in two ways. The first being an adaptive function that ensures change in society by introducing new ideas and practices and the second type is the secureation maintenance function that reinforces social values and norms through collective action against deviance. He then progressed by outlining two typical social formations organic solidarity and mechanical solidarity. Organic solidarity is organised around difference, whereas mechanical solidarity marchs analogous and shared values and so sanctioning is served here to identify and exclude offenders.The two latter formations were used to understand the rates of suicide. Durkheim said that the suicide rates are devour to social solidarity that is the integration into socia l groups and the regulation of social norms. His findings showed that anomic suicide occurred where the degree of regulation was insufficient because individuals feel a sand of normlessness. This can be shown through the amount of suicides within prisons, namely Kilmarnocks private prison, where six suicides have occurred since the prison opened in 1999 until 2005. In the BBC cyclorama programme investigating Kilmarnock Prison a riot within the prison was described, where officers recall witnessing inmates setting fires, flooding and smashing televisions. This can be compared to the riots outside the prisons as the time at which they occur is when individuals are subject to economic and social change. In times of fast social change, such as that from mechanical to organic solidarity systems of regulations may be insufficient to effectively limit individual desires and so what emerges is a state of anomie.This theory is therefore applicable as the Toxteth outburst, that followed t he Brixton riot reflects a civil protest against the social change because during this time Toxteth had one of the highestunemployment rates in the country. The citizens of Toxteth felt let down by the Government as the city hit a decline and they were given diminished help to be able to survive and so could not fit in with society. This is also the same for the more recent capital of the United Kingdom riots as society struggles through the recession where high unemployment and high crime is also present. Durkheim also related organic solidarity to the sexual difference between men and women. He sketch that men are much more likely to commit crime due to the higher force social change has upon males. This can be reflected through the 2011 riots as statistics show that out of all offenders brought before the courts10% were female and 90% were male. Whereas Durkheims work related crime to insufficient normative regulation, Mertons Anomie theory was a result of the absence of align ment between socially- sought after aspirations, such as wealth, and the means uncommitted to people to achieve such objectives.According to Merton every society has cultural goals in which to strive for throughout ones lifetime and it was the American Dream that this theory derived from. Although Martin Luther King, Jr. strived for racial equality, few will deny that Americans are focused on the almighty dollar. It was the idea that prosperity and success were available to all those that worked hard, however Merton argued that the cultural demands on persons to achieve wealth brought about the use of illegitimate means, where they are denied effective opportunities to do so institutionally. Although this is based on American culture it can be applied to the UK as our society today aims for material success. This is reflected throughout the looting that transpired out of the 2011 riots as much of the disorder was in aid of stealing goods and electrical products.The BBC referred to this in headlines as greed and misdeed, however others argue that the subsequent looting was due to the lack of help from the Government, which has left many people in a state of desperation. Merton recognised that the majority of society will conform even though they suffer the strain of anomie, however those that do not conform can be categorised into four-spot types of deviants. These four human adaptions are known as the Innovator, the Ritualist, the Retreatist and the Rebellion. In the UK the typical drug dealer would be an innovator as they accept the cultural goals, but do not use the standard commit means. This could be for reasons such as previous convictions preventing them from achieving a respected job andtherefore other means are used in order to relate the desired material success. Ritualism in contrast refers to those that still have the attachment to the institutional means, however the cultural goals have been lost. Here could fall the single stir working hard at all costs and not actually achieving the goal. Retreatism is where both the objectives and means have been rejected.Merton says that Retreatism concerns people who are in society but not of it, for example a typical British tramp. The Rebellion refers to the behaviour of many young individuals in Britain as they re mall the cultural goals and the institutional means with their own rules to cope with anomic strain. The recession is a prime example of an economic break down in Britain, which would result in some members of society turning to illegitimate means in order to achieve goals where society has made the end goal much harder to achieve. So, for the offenders involved there is a display of Innovation as they have the goals but not the means to achieve them and so have jumped on the opportunity of crisis in order to gain material success. Merton went on to argue that non-conformity resulted from differential access to opportunities, such as education and employment. From thi s there is a clear link to labelling as it is societies label that holds back the individual and prevents them from being able to achieve the end goals legitimately.This refers to the majority of the rioters since 73% of the offenders involved had previous convictions, and so although the desired goals are still prominent the label restricts the opportunity of getting a decent job which in turn stops them achieving this ideology of material success. Even without a criminal conviction ethnic minority groups struggle to get the same opportunities in terms of employment. Looking at the UK as a whole, ethnic minorities make up about 7% of the population, yet in police forces across England and Wales, just 2% of their officers are non-white. It is also much harder for a police officer from an ethnic minority background to reach the rank of superintendent and so after much rejection they eventually give up. Following the Brixton riots the Scarman report recommended efforts to recruit more ethnic minorities into the police force, and changes in training and law enforcement.The Macpherson report somewhat 17 years later showed that nothing has changed. The main problem with this theory is that it looks to assess financial crimes and ignores mindless crimes such as vandalism.However, as the riots are mainly concerned with burglary and theft (statistics show 13% of disorder was due to theft and 44% was assigned to burglary) this theory is applicable. Looking at the overall causes of the riots it is fair to say that the police have discriminated on the way a person looks and although this may have provoked further crime as deviancy amplication suggests, it is the Anomie theory that best explains the reasoning behind the riots. In order to prevent such mass atrocities occurring again, discrimination in any form must be eliminated from the Criminal Justice System. It was George Orwell that explained how society will become a police state and although surveillance programmes and more police powers have been implement to give greater security to citizens much freedom is subsequently lost.Technology has been put in place in order to secure convictions, however in order for this to work the police must also be subject to the same kind of control. This would prevent discrimination on their part and also get hold the publics trust in the police. The lack of opportunity from the Government has led to a similitude of society to ignore the law, which in turn creates disturbance between the law enforcers i.e. the police and the public.As the recent 2011 riots saw a more stand back approach by the police, they argued that they did not have the proper resources to respond due to cut backs from the Government, however much of the police fund is spent on the wrong resources and so this must also be addressed for society to be controlled effectively. After the Brixton and Toxteth riots the British public managed to regain police trust, however since the UK return ed to an economic state like of that time it was evident that some form of protest would also reoccur. As this has happened, equal opportunities must be available to give everybody in society a chance to succeed, which in turn would lose the resentment that is held towards the Government and police.BibliographyTextbooksBowling, B., Violent Racism Victimisation, Policing and fond Context, 1998, Clarendon Press Gilbert, J., Discographies Dance Music, Culture, and the Politics of Sound, 1999, Routledge Newburn, T., Criminology, 2009, 1st edition, Willian Publishing Orwell, G., 1984, 1949, 1st edition, LondonSecker and Warburg JournalsBowling, B. and Phillips C., (2007) Disproportionate and Discriminatory Reviewing the say on police force Stop and Search. Modern Law Review. 70(6) Dicristina, B., (2006), Durkheims latent theory of gender and homicide. British Journal of Criminology. 46(2) ReportsBell, I., 2011, statistical publicize on the public disorder of 6th to 9th August 2011 Ki ng, M.L., Jr., (1968) The American Dream, blackness History Bulletin 31 (5) Macpherson, W., 1998, The Stephen Lawrence Enquiry, London Home Office Scarman, Lord J., 1981, The Brixton disorders 10-12 April 1981, London HMSO LegislationCriminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (c.33)WebsitesBBC, declination 2011, Toxteth riots Howe proposed managed decline for the city, http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-16355281 BBC, 11th August 2011, riots David Camerons commons statement in full, http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-14492789 BBC News London, London riots looting and violence continues, eighth August 2011, http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-14439970 Cached BBC, On this day 1981 Brixton riots report blames racial tension, http//www.news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/25 Guardian, T., 6th December 2011, discipline the Riots Humiliating stop and search a key factor in anger towards police, http//www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/dec/06/stop-and-search Pe ter Gould, BBC News online home affairs, changing face of justice, http//news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/uk/2002/ campaign/changing_face_of_justice.stm Kerry Townsend, Frank Tannenbaum dramatization of evil, http//www.criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/tannenbaum.htm Cached Similar CachedOxford Dictionary, definition for deviant, http//www.oxforddictionaries.com frugal Government, HM Inspectorate of Prisons Report on HM Prison Kilmarnock January 2005, http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/04/14103535 Cached Warshauer, M., Liverpool John Moores University, Who wants to be a millionaireChanging conceptions of the American Dream (2002), http//www.americansc.org.uk/Online/American_Dream.htm Wheatle, A., Evening Standard, 9th August 2011, We need answers about the death of Mark Duggan http//www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23976405 Television ProgrammesBBC One, 2005, persuasion Kilmarnock Prison Part 1, LondonCached 1 . T. Newburn, Criminology, 2009, 1st edition, W illian Publishing, page 212 2 . Ministry of Justice, Statistical bulletin on the public disorder of 6th to 9th August 2011, (15th Sept 2011) page 11 3 . BBC, 11th August 2011, riots David Camerons commons statement in full, http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-14492789 accessed 18/02/2012Cached 4 . Oxford Dictionary, definition for deviant, http//www.oxforddictionaries.com accessed 20/02/2012 5 . John Itsuro Kitsuse, 1962 6 . Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (c.33) 7 . Jeremy Gilbert, Discographies Dance Music, Culture, and the Politics of Sound, 1999, Routledge, page 150 8 . 1994 9 . Frank Tannenbaum, 1938 10 . Kerry Townsend, Frank Tannenbaum Dramatization of evil, http//www.criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/tannenbaum.htm accessed 19/02/2012Cached Similar 11 . Iain Bell, Ministry of Justice, Statistical bulletin on the public disorder of 6th to 9th August 2011, (15th Sept 2011) page 5 12 . Howard Becker, 1963 13 . T. Newburn, Criminology, 2009, 1st edition, Willian Publishing, page 212 14 . Edwin Lemert, 1967 15 . ibid 16 . William Macpherson, 1998, The Stephen Lawrence Enquiry, London Home Office, chapter 6.25 17 . Ben Bowling and Coretta Phillips, (2007) Disproportionate and Discriminatory Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search. Modern Law Review. 70(6) 944 18 . Criminal Justice andPublic Order Act 1994 (c.33) section 60 19 . Alex Wheatle, Evening Standard, 9th August 2011, We need answers about the death of Mark Duggan http//www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23976405 accessed 21/02/2012 20 . Erving Goffman, 1963 21 . T. Newburn, Criminology, 2009, 1st edition, Willian Publishing, page 217 22 . Edwin Schur, 1951 23 . The Guardian, 6th December 2011, Reading the Riots Humiliating stop and search a key factor in anger towards police, http//www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/dec/06/stop-and-search accessed 20/02/2012 24 . Benjamin Bowling, Violent Racism Victimisation, Policing and Social Context, 1998, Clarendon Press, page 3 25 . William Macpherson, 1998, The Stephen Lawrence Enquiry, London Home Office, chapter 6.25 26 . Leslie Wilkins 1964 27 . T. Newburn, Criminology, 2009, 1st edition, Willian Publishing, page 218 28 . BBC, On this day 1981 Brixton riots report blames racial tension, http//www.news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/25 accessed 21/02/2012 29 . Emile Durkheim, 1972 30 . T. Newburn, Criminology, 2009, 1st edition, Willian Publishing, page 170 31 . ibid 32 . The Scottish Government, HM Inspectorate of Prisons Report on HM Prison Kilmarnock January 2005, http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/04/14103535 accessed 21/02/2012Cached 33 . Panorama Kilmarnock Prison Part 1, London BBC One, 27/02/05, Retrieved 03/02/2012 34 . T. Newburn, Criminology, 2009, 1st edition, Willian Publishing, page 173 35 . BBC, December 2011, Toxteth riots Howe proposed managed decline for the city, http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-16355281 accessed 23/02/2012Cached 36 . Lond on riots, (6 August 2011) 37 . B. Dicristina, (2006), Durkheims latent theory of gender and homicide. British Journal of Criminology. 46(2), 212-233 38 . Ministry of Justice, Statistical bulletin on the public disorder of 6th to 9th August2011, (15th Sept 2011) page 3 39 . Robert Merton, 1949 40 . T. Newburn, Criminology, 2009, 1st edition, Willian Publishing, page 175 41 . Martin Luther King, Jr., (1968) The American Dream, Negro History Bulletin 31 (5), 10-15 42 . Matthew Warshauer, Liverpool John Moores University, Who wants to be a millionaire Changing conceptions of the American Dream (2002), http//www.americansc.org.uk/Online/American_Dream.htm accessed 21/02/2012 43 . T. Newburn, Criminology, 2009, 1st edition, Willian Publishing, page 175-176 44 . BBC News London, London riots looting and violence continues, 8th August 2011, http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-14439970 Cachedaccessed 22/02/2012 45 . T. Newburn, Criminology, 2009, 1st edition, Willian Publishing , page 175-177 46 . Iain Bell, Ministry of Justice, Statistical bulletin on the public disorder of 6th to 9th August 2011, (15th Sept 2011) page 5 47 . Peter Gould, BBC News online home affairs, Changing face of justice, http//news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/uk/2002/race/changing_face_of_justice.stm accessed 22/02/2012 48 . ibid 49 . 1981 50 . Lord Scarman, 25th November 1981, The Brixton Disorders10-12 April 1981, London HMSO 51 . Iain Bell, Ministry of Justice, Statistical bulletin on the public disorder of 6th to 9th August 2011, (15th Sept 2011) page 7 52 . George Orwell, 1984, 8th June 1949, 1st edition, London Secker and Warburg